桩基础施工常见问题及处理方法

何忠华

摘要：桩基础由基桩和联接于桩顶的承台共同组成。若桩身全部埋于土中，承台底面与土体接触，则称为低承台桩基；若桩身上部露出地面而承台底位于地面以上，则称为高承台桩基。建筑桩基通常为低承台桩基础。高层建筑中，桩基础应用广泛。桩基础的作用是将浅层土层难以承受的上部荷载传递到深处承载力较大的土层或岩层上，或将上部软弱持力层挤密以提高地基的密实度，进而使地基的承载力大幅度提高。桩基础作为一种深基础具有承载力高、沉降量小且均匀的特点。

关键词：桩基础，承载力，处理方法

Abstract: by the foundation pile and pile foundation pile top connection in the pile caps is composed. If all of pile body buried in soil, elevated pile caps bottom and soil contact, it is known as low bearing platform of pile foundation; If on the ground and the pile out the bottom of the pile caps is located in the ground above, it is known as GaoCheng Taiwan pile foundation. Building pile foundation is usually low bearing platform of pile foundation. High-rise building, the pile foundation wide application. Pile foundation is the role of shallow soil layer bear the upper load transfer to the depths of the bearing capacity of the soil or rock larger, or will the upper weak foundation to improve the bearing compacting the compaction degree, and greatly improve the bearing capacity of the foundation. Pile foundation as a kind of deep foundation has high bearing capacity and settlement of the characteristics of small and uniform.

Keywords: pile foundation, bearing capacity, the treatment method

中图分类号：TU74 文献标识码：A 文章编号

随着经济发展，城市中各类高层建筑拔地而起，作为高层的基础部分往往在整个建筑物投资中占据了很大的比例。而高层基础往往采用桩基础，因此，如何选择合理的桩基础形式，对于保证安全，节约投资、降低造价起着举足轻重的作用。当今社会建筑用地紧张，随着建筑用地日渐减少，建筑用地需求量却日益增加，这就使得高层建筑越来越多，各种桩基础的应用就越来越广泛。随着现代建筑技术的发展，桩的种类和桩基形式、施工工艺和设备以及桩基理论和设计方法，都有了很大的进步。桩基已成为当今高层建筑广泛采用的一种基础形式。由于建筑物的高度不断增加，上部结构的荷载越来越大，天然地基的承载力已不能满足设计要求，而桩基础的应用则显示出越来越明显的经济效果。……