王迪友,邓文强,杨帆
摘要:三峡水库消落区具有水淹时间长、消落幅度大、水位涨落节律逆反自然枯洪规律及面积大、生境类型复杂等特点。从三峡水库消落区目前所面临的生态环境问题出发,总结了国内外关于库区生态环境问题及生物治理的研究进展,提出了三峡水库消落区的生物治理方案。
关键词:生物治理;生态环境问题;三峡水库;消落区
中图分类号:X171.4文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2012)05-0865-05
The Status and Bioremediation Technology of Ecological Environment in
Water-level-fluctuating Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir
WANG Di-you1,DENG Wen-qiang2,YANG Fan2
(1.Changjiang Institute of Survey,Planning,Design and Research,Wuhan 430074,China; 2.Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany
and Watershed Ecology,Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430074,China)
Abstract: Water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir possesses some specific characters such as long flooding duration, wide-range fluctuation of water level (30 m), reversed flooding time to winter, large area and complex habitat types and so on. Based on the ecological environmental problems of water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the ecological environmental problems and research advances on bioremediation technologies of water-level-fluctuating zone of the reservoir at home and abroad were summarized. The bioremediation strategies for water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir were proposed.
Key words: bioremediation technology; ecological environmental problem; Three Gorges Reservoir; water-level-fluctuating zone
长江三峡工程是开发和治理长江的关键性骨干工程,具有巨大的防洪、发电、航运、旅游等综合经济和社会效益。尽管三峡工程带来了显著的社会经济效益,但同时对社会、生态环境也造成了一些不可逆的负面影响[1]。消落区(Water-level-fluctuating zone)是流域内水陆生态系统的自然交错带,是相邻陆生和水生生态系统物质、能量和信息交流的纽带,是流域生态系统组成的敏感部分,其特殊生境为物种的演化、发育和保存提供了有利的条件,具有重要的社会、经济和生态价值。三峡水库生态环境的变化,尤其是消落区的生态问题,已成为流域生态修复和研究的中心环节[2]。
三峡水库(29°16′~31°25′N,106°20′~111°50′ E)实行145~175 m “冬季蓄水、夏季泄洪”的人工调节水位后,其水位涨落节律逆反自然枯洪规律。同时,水库消落区具有水淹时间长(可达8个月)、面积大(约350 km2)、消落幅度大(30 m)、生境类型多样等显著特点。原来适应长江水位节律性变化的河岸植被难以适应三峡水库水位的反季节变化,逐步消失或死亡,造成新生湿地植被稀疏散布,群落结构简单,所形成的湿地生态系统十分脆弱[3]。……