巧用句式变换,应对基础写作的信息整合

陈璇

广东省英语高考题中的基础写作主要考查考生在语言结构方面的应用能力：能够应用正确、规范的语言表达特定的内容。由于广东高考的基础写作部分要求考生只能用5个句子表达写作材料中的所有信息，因此，考生一定要会灵活地运用并列句、复合句、非谓语动词等扩展和合并句子，才能把所有的信息表达出来。但要注意的是，写作时一定要根据文章的题材、体裁和写作对象选择句型，在100个词左右的短文里，机械地混用一些句式和词汇，并不能给文章增光添彩。

下面介绍几种常见的信息整合的方法。

1.简单句

只含有主谓结构的简单句一般较短，要表达复杂的意思时，就要对简单句进行扩充，比如添加形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语等。下面是简单句的五种基本句型的前后变化对比。

（1）SV: The children played.

→]All of the lovely children of Mr. Smith from England played happily in the garden.

（2）SVP: The hall is beautiful.

→The hall is beautiful with all the doors made of glass.

（3）SVO: She left the office.

→She always left the office very quietly.

（4）SVOO: The company gave Tom a watch.

→The old company gave Tom a beautiful gold watch on his retirement.

（5）SVOC: I saw him working.

→I often saw him working in the field with the peasants.

另外，分词结构作状语在英语句子中出现的频率极高。一方面，使句式多样化，另一方面，使句子变得更加简练。如：

（6）Zhongshan University was located in Guangzhou，Guangdong Province.

Zhongshan University was set up by Sun Zhongshan in 1924.

→Located in Guangzhou，Guangdong Province，Zhongshan University was set up by Sun Zhongshan in 1924.

（7）He died early，and he left his wife nothing but grief and debt.

→He died early，leaving his wife nothing but grief and debt.

还可以用形容词或形容词短语作状语，当其放在句首时，常作原因状语。

（8）Shocked by the bad news，the local government needed to consider carrying out more effective measures.（As the local government were shocked by the bad news，they needed to consider carrying out more effective measures.）

或用形容词或形容词短语作状语，当其放在句末时，常表示主语所处的状态。

（9）I went home with my bag filled with fruit，proud and satisfied.

2.并列句

如果两个或两个以上的简单句之间有并列或递进关系（“此外”，“而且”），转折关系（“但是”，“然而”），因果关系（“因此”，“所以”），选择关系（“或者”，“否则”，“不然的话”）等，可以用并列连词（或连接副词）连接成并列句。其基本句型是“简单句+并列连词（或连接副词）+简单句”。因此，要写好并列句，首先就必须了解每个并列连词的意义和功能。……