ICU患者精神障碍高风险因素调查分析

吴小燕

[摘要] 目的 对ICU患者精神障碍高风险因素及其护理对策进行分析观察。 方法 研究对象为我院治疗的综合性ICU患者152例，评估方法为MMSE及CAM。选取精神障碍患者66例随机分为两组：对照组33例，给予常规的护理措施；观察组33例，在对照组的基础上给予综合心理护理措施，比较评估护理干预前及干预三周后的MMSE和CAM评分。 结果 对ICU患者精神障碍形成的影响因素有住院时间、镇静药物的使用及是否发生脑卒中。两组患者的MMSE和CAM评分在护理干预3周后和护理前比较差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05），与对照组比较，观察组的MMSE和CAM评分具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论 对ICU患者精神障碍高风险因素应提高重视并及早实施护理措施。

[关键词] 精神障碍；重症监护；高风险；护理

[中图分类号] R749.2[文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1673-9701（2012）16-0105-02

Intensive care patients at high risk of mental disorders

WU Xiaoyan

ICU，the First People''s Hospital of Jiande City in Zhejiang Province，Jiande 311600，China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze and observe the high-risk factors and nursing of intensive care patients with mental disorders. Methods All of 152 cases were comprehensive hospital ICU patients, they were evaluated with MMSE and CAM. 66 cases with mental disorders were randomly divided into control group(33 patients) received conventional care measures; observation group (33 patients) received routine nursing care and comprehensive measures of psychological care, they were evaluated at nursing intervention before and after three weeks, their MMSE and CAM ratings were compared. Results ICU patients factors affecting the formation of mental disorders were hospitalization, sedative drug use and whether the occurrence of stroke.The difference was significant difference in MMSE and CAM score of two groups between nursing intervention befoure and after three weeks (P ＜ 0.05), the MMSE and CAM score had a significant difference statistically significant between control group and observation group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion For the ICU patients at high risk of mental disorders increased emphasis on high-risk patients to early implementation of nursing interventions.

[Key words] Mental disorders；Intensive care；High risk；Care

重症监护病房（intensive care unit，ICU）患者具有较高的精神障碍发病率。本研究收集了来我院进行治疗的66例综合性ICU患者中精神障碍者，对其高风险因素进行分析，以探讨ICU患者发生精神障碍的原因，为相应的护理干预措施的制定提供有价值的参考依据，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

研究对象为2009年5月～2011年5月我院治疗的综合性ICU患者152例，其中男73例，女79例，年龄最小26岁，最大77岁，平均（50.3±6.9）岁。所有研究对象均无精神异常病史及精神病家族史。所有研究对象均知情同意，并签署知情同意书。将有精神障碍的患者66例随机分为两组，其中对照组33例，给予常规的护理干预；观察组33例，在对照组的基础上给予综合性心理干预，对其干预前后的各项指标进行分析。……