先天性矫正型大动脉转位行形态三尖瓣置换术

2014-01-21 22:29刘延华梁志强何发明郑向阳宋鹏王磊王平凡
中国心血管病研究 2014年2期
关键词:大动脉三尖瓣右心室

刘延华 梁志强 何发明 郑向阳 宋鹏 王磊 王平凡

先天性矫正型大动脉转位行形态三尖瓣置换术

刘延华 梁志强 何发明 郑向阳 宋鹏 王磊 王平凡

目的 探讨先天性矫正型大动脉转位(CCTGA)患者行形态三尖瓣置换的手术适应证及术后效果。方法 2007年至2012年河南省胸科医院收治CCTGA患者6例,男性5例,女性1例,年龄28~47(34.0±5.2)岁,术前心功能Ⅱ级1例、Ⅲ级5例(NYHA分级),术前合并室间隔缺损1例、房颤1例、完全性左束支传导阻滞1例、完全性右束支传导阻滞1例、Ⅰ°房室传导阻滞2例。术前形态右心室射血分数(49.0±13.2)%。6例患者均施行形态三尖瓣置换术,术后随访患者心功能、形态右心室射血分数等指标。结果 全组无住院死亡。随访13~72个月,1例患者术后41个月因主动脉夹层死亡,余5例均存活。人工瓣膜功能正常,心功能较术前明显改善,术后1年时心功能Ⅰ级2例、Ⅱ级3例、Ⅲ级1例(NYHA分级),与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年时形态右心室射血分数(48.0±5.6)%,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CCTGA患者行形态三尖瓣置换手术效果满意,能够防止形态右心室功能的进一步损害。

先天性矫正型大动脉转位;形态三尖瓣置换;形态右心室功能

先天性矫正型大动脉转位(congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries,CCTGA)是一种心房与心室连接不一致、心室与动脉连接不一致而血流方向正常的复杂畸形[1],常合并房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、肺动脉瓣狭窄等,目前多主张早期行双调转术以达到解剖矫治,并已取得良好效果[2]。无其他合并症的患者,早期多无症状,因先天性畸形、形态右心室维持体循环等原因,成年后常出现形态三尖瓣关闭不全(MTI)、形态右心室功能不全的症状而就诊。2007年至2012年我院共施行形态三尖瓣置换术(MTVR)6例,现对其临床资料进行回顾分析,总结手术适应证并评价手术效果。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象 本组共6例患者,男性5例,女性1 例,年龄 28~47(34.0±5.2)岁,术前心功能Ⅱ级 1例、Ⅲ级5例(NYHA分级)。所有患者均经心脏彩超明确诊断,形态三尖瓣为中度以上关闭不全。术前合并室间隔缺损1例、房颤1例、完全性左束支传导阻滞1例、完全性右束支传导阻滞1例、Ⅰ°房室传导阻滞2例。术前心胸比(0.58±0.01),术前形态右心室射血分数(49.0±13.2)%。

1.2 手术方式 经胸骨正中切口,升主动脉插供血管,上、下腔静脉插静脉引流管建立体外循环,经主动脉根部灌注冷氧合血停跳液。经形态右心房-房间隔入路,剪除病变形态三尖瓣,从心房侧进针,间断褥式双头针带垫片,缝合置入人工瓣膜。所有患者均置入人工机械瓣膜,其中ATS机械瓣27 mm、29 mm各2枚,St Jude机械瓣27 mm、29 mm各1枚。同期行室间隔缺损修补术1例,术后心表放置临时起搏导线2例。

2 结果

全组无住院死亡。气管插管时间8~33(16.0±4.9)h,ICU 停留时间 1~3 d,引流 230~720 (380±170)ml。随访13~72个月,1例患者术后41个月因主动脉夹层死亡,余5例均存活。人工瓣膜功能正常,无瓣周漏。心功能较术前明显改善,术后1年时心功能Ⅰ级2例、Ⅱ级3例、Ⅲ级1例(NYHA分级),与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年时形态右心室射血分数(48.0±5.6)%,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

3 讨论

成年的先天性矫正型大动脉转位(CCTGA)患者常常合并形态三尖瓣关闭不全,其原因可能有:①解剖畸形。70%的CCTGA患者形态三尖瓣会向下移位,形成所谓的Ebstein’s畸形[3]。②形态右心室长期在体循环压力负荷下心脏扩大、心功能下降,导致形态三尖瓣相对关闭不全,而关闭不全又会导致心脏扩大、心功能不全,从而形成恶性循环。其中,解剖畸形被认为是导致形态三尖瓣关闭不全最重要的原因[4]。

形态三尖瓣关闭不全对患者的预后有重大影响。Prieto等[4]的研究发现,形态三尖瓣关闭不全是CCTGA患者死亡的唯一独立预测因素。而在另一项回顾性的研究当中,超过一半的患者死于因形态三尖瓣关闭不全导致的心功能衰竭[5]。

对婴幼儿CCTGA患者可采用双调转术行解剖矫治,但成人患者往往无法行上述手术。因行双调转术的条件之一为两个心室发育良好,形态左心室/形态右心室收缩压比值>0.7,成人患者因形态左心室长期在肺循环中,无法得到锻炼,功能严重退化,故对于成人CCTGA患者,我们主张以维持形态右心室功能为主的治疗。

形态三尖瓣成形术效果往往不佳,多需要二次手术[6]。本组所有患者均采用瓣膜置换术。因三尖瓣瓣环较薄弱,连续缝合会增加瓣周漏的发生率[7],故本组所有患者术中均采用间断缝合置入瓣膜,剪除瓣膜时尽量保留瓣下结构以维持形态右心室的功能。

关于手术时机,CCTGA患者的长期生存取决于形态三尖瓣关闭不全及形态右心室的功能。我们认为,一旦患者出现心功能不全、房颤等症状,均应尽早手术,及时手术能够维持心室功能从而取得良好的效果。Mongeon等[8]建议形态右心室EF>40%时手术,否则远期效果欠佳。而另一项研究中,术前形态右心室EF>44%的患者术后10年均存活[9]。

通过手术置换病变的形态三尖瓣,能够维持形态右心室的功能,提高患者生存质量,延长生存时间,取得良好的治疗效果。但本研究病例较少,远期疗效尚需进一步随访。

[1]Warnes CA.Transposition of the great arteries.Circulation,2006,114:2699-2709.

[2]Ly M,Belli E,Leobon B,et al.Results of the double switch operation for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.Eur JCardiothorac Surg,2009,35:879-883.

[3]Graham TP Jr,Bernard YD,Mellen BG,et al.Long-term outcome in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries:a multi-institutional study.J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,36:255-261.

[4]Prieto LR,Hordof AJ,Secic M,et al.Progressive tricuspid valve disease in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.Circulation,1998,98:997-1005.

[5]Connelly MS,Liu PP,Williams WG,et al.Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries in the adult:functional status and complications.JAm Coll Cardiol,1996,27:1238-1243.

[6]Scherptong RW,Vliegen HW,Winter MM,et al.Tricuspid valve surgery in adults with a dysfunctional systemic right ventricle:repair or replace?Circulation.2009,119:1467-1472.

[7]罗国华,胡盛寿,孙寒松,等.矫正型大动脉转位形态三尖瓣置换术及中远期结果.中国胸心血管外科临床杂志,2009,16:333-335.

[8]Mongeon FP,Connolly HM,Dearani JA,et al.Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries ventricular function at the time of systemic atrioventricular valve replacement predicts long-term ventricular function.J Am Coll Cardiol,2011,57:2008-2017.

[9]van Son JA,Danielson GK,Huhta JC.Late results of systemic atrioventricular valve replacement in corrected transposition.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,1995,109:642-652.

Outcomes of themorphologic tricuspid valve replacement for patients w ith congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries

LIU Yan-hua,LIANG Zhi-qiang,HE Fa-ming,et al.Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,Henan Chest Hospital,Zhengzhou 450008,China

Objective To investigate the surgical indications and the results of morphologic tricuspid valve replacement for congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries(CCTGA).M ethods From 2007 to 2012,6 cases with CCTGA were treated in Henan Chest Hospital.There were 5 male and 1 female,aged from 28 to 47 years(34.0±5.2)years.Of the 6 cases,1 was in grade Ⅱ and 5 were in grade Ⅲ according to New York Heart classification(NYHA).There was 1 complicated with ventricular septal defect,1 complicated with atrial fibrillation,1 complicated with complete left bundle branch block,1 complicated with complete right bundle branch block,2 complicated with first degree atrioventricular block.The preoperative mean morphologic right ventricle ejection fraction was (49.0±13.2)%.6 patients had undergonemorphologic tricuspid valve replacement.Postoperative indices such as cardiac function and morphological right ventricle ejection fraction were followed up.Results There was no death in hospital.During the follow-up of 13-72 months,1 patient died of aortic dissection 41 months after the surgery,the other 5 patients survived with normal function of the prosthetic valve.The cardiac function of the cases was significantly improved.When one year after the surgery,2 was in gradeⅠ,3 was in gradeⅡ and 1 were in gradeⅢ according to New York Heart classification(NYHA),while the differences were significant after treatment.There was no statistical significance between preoperative and postoperative mean morphologic right ventricle ejection fraction when one year after the surgery.Conclusion Morphologic tricuspid valve replacement can prevent the further damage tomorphologic right ventricular function with satisfactory results.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries;Morphologic tricuspid valve replacement;Morphologic right ventricular function

450008 郑州市,河南省胸科医院心血管外科

10.3969/j.issn.1672-5301.2014.02.005

R654.2

B

1672-5301(2014)02-0109-03

2013-11-25)

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