球囊扩张器与筋膜扩张器在建立经皮肾标准通道的安全性与有效性的Meta分析

2014-05-08 16:40:44徐律张杰江忍张华伟
中国医药导报 2014年6期
关键词:Meta分析

徐律+张杰+江忍+张华伟

[摘要] 目的 系统评价使用两种不同的扩张方法(球囊扩张器或筋膜扩张器)在建立经皮肾镜标准通道的安全性与有效性。 方法 计算机检索万方数据库(Wanfang Date)、维普数据库(VIP)、中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library,查找纳入对比球囊扩张器和筋膜扩张器在建立经皮肾标准通道的安全性与临床疗效的随机对照试验(RCT)或临床对照研究(CCT),同时手动检索纳入研究的参考文献。由2人按照纳入排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析。 结果 总共纳入8项研究,包括788例拟行经皮肾镜取石术的患者。Meta分析结果提示:使用球囊扩张器进行经皮肾镜取石术标准通道建立与使用筋膜扩张器相比,标准通道建立所需时间短(WMD = -6.63,95%CI = -7.55~-5.71,P < 0.01)、输血率低(OR = 0.49,95%CI = 0.27~0.91,P = 0.02)、平均血红蛋白丢失量少(WMD = -4.04,95%CI = -6.41~-1.68,P = 0.0008)、一次性清石率高(RR = 1.19,95%CI = 1.07~1.31,P = 0.0008)、总手术时间缩短(WMD = -8.23,95%CI = -13.66~-2.80,P = 0.003),而术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(WMD = 0.22,95%CI = 0.87~0.43,P = 0.50)。 结论 使用球囊扩张器建立经皮肾标准通道与使用筋膜扩张器相比,通道建立时间和总手术时间更短、输血率降低、平均血红蛋白丢失量更少、一次性清石率更高。但是鉴于纳入的文献质量不高,研究较少,未控制混杂因素对结局的影响,故建议临床上谨慎选择,需待开展大样本、多中心、科学规范的高质量随机对照试验,以进一步验证结果。

[关键词] 经皮肾镜取石术;球囊扩张器;筋膜扩张器;Meta分析

[中图分类号] R445.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2014)02(c)-0021-05

Meta analysis of efficacy and safety on balloon dilatation versus amplatz dilatation in establishing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

XU Lü1 ZHANG Jie1,2▲ JIANG Ren3 ZHANG Huawei1

1.Department of Urinary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430060, China; 2.Department of Urinary Surgery, Central Hospital of Huangshi City Affiliated of Hubei Polytechnic University, Hubei Province, Huangshi 435000, China; 3.Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430060, China

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the balloon dilation and amplatz dilation methods for tract dilation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods A computer-based online search of Wanfang, VIP, CNKI, PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane Library were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and cIinical controlled trial (CCT) regarding the safety and efficacy of the balloon dilation versus amplatz dilation methods in establishing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. And the references of those study were also searched by hand too. The literatures, extracted the date, and evaluated the methodological quality were screened by 2 reviewers independently. The extracted date were analyzed by RevMan 5.2. Results 8 studies involving 788 patients were incIuded. The results of meta-analyses: compared with the Amplatz dilatation, Balloon dilatation methods for tract dilataion during percutaneous nephrolithotomy were a shorter time of build the tract dilation (WMD = -6.63, 95%CI = -7.55 - - 5.71, P < 0.01), a lower blood transfusion rate (OR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.27-0.91, P = 0.02), a lower hemoglobin decrease (WMD = -4.04, 95%CI = -6.41 - -1.68, P = 0.0008), a higher stone-free rates (RR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.07-1.31, P = 0.0008), a shorter time of surgical duration (WMD = -8.23, 95%CI = -13.66 - -2.80, P = 0.003). But the difference was not statistically significant in postoperative hospital stay (WMD = 0.22, 95%CI = 0.87-0.43, P = 0.50). Conclusion Compared with amplatz dilatation, balloon dilatation methods for tract dilatation during PCNL has shorter time of building the tract dilation and surgical duration, lower blood transfusion rate and hemoglobin decrease, higher stone-free rates. Due to the poor quality, limitations and no control of confounding factors of the included studies, a prudent choice is suggested; and more high-quality, large sample studies are needed.

[Key words] Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Balloon dilatation; Amplatz dilatation; Meta-analysis

经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)因其创伤小、结石清除率高、手术时间短、术后恢复快等特点而逐渐取代传统开放取石术,成为目前临床上最主要的肾结石治疗方法之一。经皮肾镜取石术至关重要的一步是穿刺通道的建立,良好的穿刺通道的建立可有效减少手术时间,降低术后并发症产生的风险和提高结石清除率[1]。目前较常见的用于穿刺通道扩张的扩张器为筋膜扩张器和球囊扩张器,国内较常使用的为筋膜扩张器,而最近有学者认为球囊扩张器与筋膜扩张器相比能更有效地减少出血,提高一次性结石清除和减少对肾脏的破坏,可以成为建立经皮肾通道的标准方法[2-3]。……

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