意美、音美和形美

摘要：许渊冲在汉语诗词外译的实践中认识到，翻译所涉及的两种语言各有劣势、等势和优势，因此在翻译中可运用浅化、等化、深化手段，力求在意似、音似、形似的基础上传达原诗的意美、音美、形美，从而使译者本人和读者都能知之、好之、乐之。这五个三，加上以诗译诗等原则，构成了许渊冲诗词翻译美学体系，而意美、音美、形美实为该体系的核心。许渊冲诗词翻译美学既来源于实践，更为难能可贵的是，他自己在汉语诗词外译中也一直以一贯之。

关键词：意美；音美；形美；诗词翻译美学；许渊冲

中图分类号：H059

文献标识码：A文章编号：

16721101（2014）01009105

收稿日期：2013-06-28

作者简介：程永生（1946-），男，安徽潜山人，教授，主要研究方向：翻译理论与实践。

Striving for aesthetical excellence in ideology， phonology and

morphology： the focal point for Xu Yuanchongs

poetry translation theory and practice

CHENG Yong-sheng1，2

（1.School of Foreign Languages， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan， Anhui 232001， China ；

2.Gengdan Institute， Beijing University of Technology， Beijing 101301，China）

Abstract：When translating Chinese poetry into foreign languages， Xu Yuanchong comes to the realization that the two languages involved in translation are each as advantageous as the other， more advantageous or less advantageous than the other.These characteristics of language provide the translator with so much convenience that in translating， he can turn to terms less effective than， as effective as or more effective than the original whenever necessary.In turning to such terms， he aims at achieving such an effect that the translated poem will be similar to the original in the aspects of ideology， phonology and morphology.With some polishing touches added， consequently， the translated poem will be aesthetically excellent in terms of ideology， phonology and morphology.Such a poem will then be eligible， appealing and fascinating both to the translator and the reader.The above theory consists of five elements， each composed of three aspects.And these five elements together with such principles as the principle that poetry translation should produce a new poem constitute Xu Yuanchongs aesthetic poetry translation theory， in which the idea that the translated poem should be aesthetically sound in terms of idea， phonology and form lies in the focus.From the translation practice， Xu Yuanchong has developed his translation theory.And we appreciate it very much that in his translation of Chinese poems into either English or French， he always observes the translation theory he has developed.

Key words：semantic aspect of aesthetics； phonological aspect of aesthetics； formal aspect of aesthetics； aesthetics for Chinese poetry translation； Xu Yuanchong

许渊冲可谓我国现代翻译史上的一位奇人，他独自一人在国内外出版了几十本翻译著作，发表了几十篇论文，汇集成了《翻译的艺术》，于1984初版，2006年增订再版，在译界产生了重大影响。细读他的论文，我们清晰地看到，许渊冲的翻译理论是在研究翻译标准、直译和意译等传统译论的基础上逐步发展起来的，是随着他从外译汉逐步转移到汉译外、从其他文学体裁翻译逐步转移到汉语诗词外译而发展起来的，乃至今天我们可以将他的译论称为诗词翻译美学。许渊冲诗词翻译美学，简言之，就是以诗译诗，用浅化、等化、深化等手段，求得意似、音似、形似，在三似的基础上，追求意美、音美、形美，从而使自己和读者均能知之、好之、乐之。endprint

许渊冲诗词翻译美学源于何处？……