经大鼠腰骶部鞘内置管给药技术的研究

邓亚南　刘艳芳　陈建平　张宇

【摘要】 目的：改进大鼠经皮穿刺腰骶部鞘内置管技术，探索更加简便、快捷、安全、有效的大鼠鞘内给药的新方法。方法：健康雄性大鼠60只，按随机数字表法分为经寰枕膜鞘内置管组（C组，n=30）和经皮穿刺腰骶部鞘内置管组（T组，n=30）。戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉后，C组大鼠接受经皮切开寰枕膜鞘内置管操作，T组大鼠接受在L6～S1间隙，用20 G穿刺针行经皮穿刺腰骶部鞘内置管操作。两组大鼠在操作成功后，均经导管注入2%利多卡因10 ?L。观察并比较两组大鼠置管成功只数、瘫痪只数以及死亡只数。结果：与C组比较，T组大鼠鞘内置管成功率明显提高，术后瘫痪、死亡率明显减少，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：经皮穿刺腰骶部鞘内置管技术是一项简便、快捷、安全、有效的鞘内给药方法。

【关键词】 蛛网膜下腔； 经皮穿刺； 鞘内置管； 大鼠

【Abstract】 Objective：To explore a simple， safe， fast and effective method of intrathecal application by studying the method of intrathecal catheterization via lumbosacral puncture in rats.Method：60 healthy rats were randomly divided into the intrathecal catheterization through the atlantooccipital membrane group （the group C， n=30）and the intrathecal catheterization through lumbosacral puncture group （the group T， n=30）. All the rats in the two groups received abdominal anesthesia by pentobarbital natrium. The group C received intrathecal catheterization by the atlantooccipital membrane. The group T received intrathecal catheterization by 20 G needle in L6-S1 interspace. Then， all the rats in the two groups were administrated 2% lidocaine hydrochloride 10 μL via the catheter. The number of successful catheterization， paralysis and death were compared in the two groups.Result：Compared with the group C， the success rate of catheterization was significantly increased， the incidence of death and paralysis were significantly decreased in the group T， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）.Conclusion：Intrathecal catheterization by lumbosacral puncture is an effective and safe intrathecal catheterization method for rats undergoing scientific experiments.

【Key words】 Subarachnoid space； Percutaneous puncture； Sheath built-in tube； Rats

First-authors address：Shanxi Medical University，Taiyuan 030001，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.18.011

大鼠鞘内置管给药是研究药物在脊髓水平作用机制的常用实验方法，广泛应用于疼痛领域的研究[1-4]。尤其对于需要在大鼠脊髓腰膨大部位进行鞘内给药的实验研究，鞘内置管给药技术更是尤为重要。传统的鞘内置管是经寰枕膜鞘内置管，由于是经皮切开置管，创伤较大，且PE-10聚乙烯导管要下行经脊髓颈曲、胸曲后才能到达大鼠腰膨大的部位，术中易损伤脊髓而导致大鼠瘫痪或死亡，并且大鼠接受经皮切开寰枕膜鞘内置管操作后，术后需要修养恢复5～7 d后才能观察其痛行为反应。这种方法周期长，大鼠瘫痪率或死亡率较高[5]。近几年，随着鞘内给药技术的不断改良，反复腰骶部直接鞘内注射给药技术受到大家的关注，但是由于注药部位在腰骶部，无法满足在胸段给药的实验要求。……