浅析后现代史学及其历史观形成的原因

2014-10-21 10:59:31邢宁
青岛科技大学学报(社会科学版) 2014年3期

邢宁

[摘 要]20世纪后现代主义在世界上悄然兴起,其影响波及建筑学、文学、教育学、社会学、心理学和政治学等诸多领域,而历史学作为其最后一个“堡垒”亦受到强烈冲击。由于后现代主义观点的涌现,促使人们更偏向以怀疑和批判的眼光审视当下的社会和文化,并逐渐对传统史学能否客观真实地叙述历史产生质疑,后现代史学由此而产生。后现代史学的兴起不是一朝一夕的过程,对西方中心论的怀疑,对诠释学的引用以及历史学本身的客观发展等因素都影响着后现代史观的形成。通过对前人的后现代史学观点进行研读总结,大致梳理出后现代史学的发展脉络,旨在进一步为解释其历史观形成的原因提供参照。

[关键词]后现代史学;历史观;西方中心论;宏大叙事

[中图分类号]G250 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372(2014)03-0113-03

On the cause of the formation of post-modern historiography and the conception of its history

XING Ning

(School of History Culture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China)

Abstract: In the 20th century, postmodernism has emerged in the world, and impacted the fields of architecture, literature, pedagogy, sociology, psychology and political science, and the history, as the last “fortress”, also has severe impact. Due to the emergence of post-modernism view, people tend to look at contemporary society and culture with doubt and criticism, and begin to question the objective reality of traditional historiography in a way of narrating the history, and so post-modern historiography formed. Post-modern historiography did not rise overnight; it formed when doubting the dilemma, referring the hermeneutics and the objective factors of the development of history. The study sums up the viewpoints of predecessors on postmodern historiography, its development context and the further reference to explain the causes of its formation.

Key words:post-modern historiography; conception of history; west-centered theory; grandiose narration

一、后现代史学产生的背景及其先驱

后现代主义开始走上历史舞台,是在第二次世界大战之后,从其名称可以明确看出,它是与“现代主义”相对应的。而隐藏在后现代主义背后的是一种反抗性现象,它反抗的是西方传统上所推崇的大部分思想。最早提到“后现代”这一名称的是德国哲学家鲁道夫·潘维兹,当时他是用这一术语来概括20世纪西方文化中的“虚无主义”倾向。之后又被西班牙的文学批评家费德理柯·德奥尼斯引用来描述文学批评中的反现代主义倾向。以此为开端,后现代主义在文学、哲学、建筑学等文化艺术领域逐渐确立其影响。……

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