杨媛+何方+陈明明

摘 要:耕地资源是粮食生产的重要基础。我国人多地少,耕地地力的好坏直接影响到农业的可持续发展与粮食安全。该文以宣城市为例,基于之前各县耕地地力评价的结果,采用特尔斐法建立了一套适用于全市的评价指标体系,运用模糊数学理论及层次分析法并结合县域耕地资源管理信息系统,对宣城市耕地做了整体评价。实现了宣城市耕地评价结果的统一可比性,消除了之前各县不同指标体系之间的差异。最后,将市级评价结果与各县级成果做对比,分析了产生地力等级差异的地区及原因。该文的操作方法为其他市级地力评价工作及更大范围的省级地力评价工作的展开提供了借鉴。
关键词:耕地;地力评价;等级差
中图分类号 S159 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2015)08-78-03
Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Xuancheng City and the Comparative Analysis
Yang Yuan et al.
(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)
Abstract:Cultivated land resource is the important base of grain production, we are short of farmland,and soil fertility quality directly affects the sustainable development of agriculture and food security. In this paper, taking Xuancheng as an example, based on the cultivated land fertility evaluation results of the counties, using the Delphi method to establish a set of applicable to the evaluation index system, using fuzzy theory and the AHP method combined with of county cultivated land resources information system, make overall evaluation of cultivated land in Xuancheng. Realized the city to achieve the unity of the comparability of results of the evaluation of cultivated land, eliminating the differences between the different counties index system. Finally, compared municipal with county-level results, analyze the causes of fertility level of the region and differences. Operation of this article provides a reference for the launch of the provincial fertility evaluation of municipal and other fertility evaluation of a wider range.
Key words:Farmland;Fertility evaluation;Rank difference
耕地地力是指在一定区域内的特定土壤类型上,立足于耕地自身素质,针对地力建设与土壤改良目标确定的地力要素总和[1]。我国是人口大国,人多地少,人口与耕地的矛盾已日益凸显[2-3]。做好耕地地力评价工作,摸清中低产耕地状况及障碍因素,从而有的放矢地开展中低产耕地的科学改良利用,达到提高产量的目的。
从2002年开始,农业部提出运用现代高新技术同传统调查相结合,推广进行了全国范围的耕地地力调查及测土配方施肥工作,使耕地评价得以广泛深入开展[4-5]。宣城市响应农业部号召,7个县区都分别做了耕地地力评价并取得成果。但由于不同县区自然和社会经济因素的差异以及当时技术条件的限制,没有使用统一的评价指标体系和等级划分标准,使得各县的评价结果难有可比性,造成了同质不同等的现象,给宣城市耕地的利用管理和保护工作带来不便。……