ZW型液化石油气压缩机曲轴仿真分析与设计

范恒亮+周毅钧+侯克邦+杨丙雪

摘 要：曲轴是活塞式压缩机的关键零部件之一，对压缩机曲轴的疲劳强度进行准确的分析可以极大地提高压缩机的运行可靠性。以ZW-0.8/10-16风冷立式双缸单作用液化石油气压缩机为例，首先利用Solidworks软件建立了曲轴的三维模型，接着通过对压缩机曲轴的有限元分析，得到了曲轴疲劳破坏的危险点。最后利用ANSYS软件建立优化模型并对优化后的曲轴强度进行了验证。结果表明，有限元法可以较准确地对曲轴进行疲劳分析，进而对曲轴的设计和改进提供理论依据。

关键词：活塞式压缩机；曲轴；有限元；优化

中图分类号：TH457 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672-1098（2015）02-0060-04

Simulation and Design of the ZW-type Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Compressor Crankshaft

FAN Heng-liang， ZHOU Yi-jun， HOU Ke-bang， YANG Bing-xue

（School of Mechanical Engineering， Anhui University of Science and Technology， Huainan Anhui 232001， China）

Abstract：The crankshaft is one of the key parts of piston compressor； accurate analysis of fatigue strength in compressor crankshaft greatly improves operation reliability of compressor. Taking ZW-0.8/10-16 air-cooled vertical two-cylinder single-acting liquefied petroleum gas compressor as an example， the compressor crankshaft finite element analysis was conducted on the basis of three-dimensional model of the crankshaft established with the Solidworks software， and the risk point of fatigue failure of the crankshaft was obtained. The optimization model was established by ANSYS software to verify the optimized crankshaft strength. The results showed that the crankshaft fatigue analysis is more accurate with the finite element method， which provides a theoretical basis for design and improvement of the crankshaft .

Key words：piston compressor； crankshaft； finite element； optimization

曲轴是活塞式压缩机的重要部件之一，其主要作用是将电机的回转运动转变为活塞在气缸内的往复运动。随着石油化工、化肥、炼油、天然气等能源工业的发展，要求往复压缩机更趋大型化和高参数化并适应变工况运行[1]。如何保证曲轴等关键零部件的性能与寿命，防止曲轴失效甚至断裂事故的发生，成为设计的核心问题[2]。

ZW-08/10-16型压缩机的曲轴采用的是整体式曲拐轴，该机型主要技术性能参数如表1所示。曲轴在工作时，工况恶劣，承受拉、压、剪切、弯曲、扭转的交变复合负载[3]。压缩机工作时，曲轴会产生弯曲和扭转，这就会引起曲轴疲劳失效，而曲轴一旦失效，就可能影响整台压缩机的运作。因此，较准确地得到曲轴所受应力与变形的大小对于曲轴的设计和优化，具有重要的指导意义[4]。……