张小兰 刘晓津 赖玉嫦 何琴 李小波 安康 方志伟



摘 要 播期的选择决定了冬种马铃薯收获的品质和产量,但各地在播期选择上随意性很强。大田试验设在广东省最大的冬种马铃薯基地-惠东县,设计从10~12月较大时间跨度的播期范围,研究不同播期对马铃薯的农艺性状、经济性状及主要病害发病率的影響。结果表明:11月中旬之前播种的马铃薯,单薯重较高,干物质积累较多;而11月下旬~12月上旬播种的马铃薯,产量较高,病害发生较少。非度量多维标度(NMDS)排序结果显示,11月下旬和12月上旬播种的各平行样品之间性状比较接近,可获得稳定的收获预期。在供试条件下,适当晚播可提高冬种马铃薯的产量和减少病害的发生。
关键词 冬种马铃薯;播期;产量;非度量多维标度
中图分类号 S533 文献标识码 A
Abstract The choice of sowing date will influence the harvest yield and quality of winter potato. However, the selection of sowing date is casual. A large range of sowing time span from October to December was designed to evaluate different sowing date on the impact of agronomic and economic characters, as well as the incidence of major diseases of winter potato. Our main results showed that the winter potato planted before mid-November had high single tuber and dry matter accumulation, while those planted afterwards had high yields and less plant diseases. Non-matric multi-dimensional Scaling (NMDS) showed the characters among the parallel samples closer to each other when they were planted in late November and early December. Under our experimental conditions, appropriate late-sowing could improve the yield and decrease the major diseases of winter potato in Huidong area.
Key words Winter potato;Sowing time;Yield;Non-matric multi-dimensional scaling(NMDS)
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.11.002
冬种马铃薯是广东省优势特色农业,一般在晚稻收获后种植,春节前后收获。在有限的生产期内,要实现经济效益最大化,除了要推广种植早熟品种外,适宜的栽培措施也是一个关键环节。播种时间由于直接关系到作物的生长状况及对气候资源的利用程度,影响着作物的产量、经济性状及抗性,近年来已成为农业气象的主要研究内容之一[1-3],其研究结果对作物规避气候风险有着重要的参考价值。
冬种马铃薯的播期研究主要集中在广东、广西和福建3个沿海冬季气温较高的地区。然而,各地的最适播期都不太一致。对广西平南县冬种马铃薯的研究结果表明,10月中旬播种的马铃薯可获得最高的综合效益[4]。……