不同氮肥对咖啡园砖红壤硝化作用的影响

2015-10-21 16:47:39林兴军陈鹏孙燕黄丽芳董云萍
热带作物学报 2015年11期

林兴军 陈鹏 孙燕 黄丽芳 董云萍

摘 要 为提高咖啡园砖红壤肥料有效性,采用土壤好气培养法进行试验,以尿素和硫酸铵为氮肥,研究了砖红壤区不同咖啡园土壤硝化作用特征。结果表明,土壤性质、氮肥种类和环境温度显著影响砖红壤硝化速率。在3种因素共同作用下,硝化速率呈“S”型变化曲线;土壤性质中土壤pH是影响咖啡园砖红壤硝化特性的主要因素,pH值越高的土壤硝化速率越快(酸性土壤),21 d后土壤硝化率达到100%;不同氮肥的硝化过程有明显差异,施尿素的土壤硝化速率显著高于施硫酸铵的土壤(p<0.05);温度会影响硝化速率,30 ℃土壤硝化速率显著大于25 ℃土壤。因此,针对不同土壤特性和环境温度,应选择不同种类氮肥,以提高肥料利用率。

关键词 咖啡园;氮肥;砖红壤;硝化作用

中图分类号 S663.9 文献标识码 A

Abstract In order to improve fertilizer effectiveness of latosol in the coffee plantation, using urea and ammonia sulfate as nitrogen fertilizer, an incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization on the nitrification of latosol in different coffee plantation. The results showed that soil properties, nitrogen types and environmental temperature significantly influenced the soil nitrification rate. Under the combined action of soil properties, nitrogen types and environmental temperature, changing tendency of the soil nitrification rate showed as‘Stype. Among soil properties, the soil pH was the main factor which affecting the soil nitrification in the coffee plantation. The faster the soil nitrification rate occurred, the higher the pH value was, and the nitrification rate reached 100% after 21days. The nitrification process of different nitrogen fertilizer was obviously different, and the nitrification rate in the soil which applied urea fertilizer was significantly higher than that which applied ammonia sulfate(p<0.05). The temperature changed the nitrification rate, and the nitrification rate under 30 ℃ was significantly higher than that under 25 ℃(p<0.05). Therefore, it is recommended that different types of nitrogen fertilizers should be applied according to soil properties and the temperature of the environment to improve the fertilizer use efficiency.

Key words Coffee; Nitrogen fertilization; Latosal; Nitrification

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.11.003

硝态氮是田间条件下生长的大多数栽培植物的主要无机氮化合物来源。在自然土壤中,土壤溶液的硝态氮浓度通常低于1 mol/m3,而在农业土壤中,由于施肥而造成的土壤硝态氮浓度可高达20 mol/m3以上[1]。氮肥施入土壤后会导致酸化,其机制中最重要的过程是硝化作用的发生。硝化作用是自然界中氮素循环的重要环节,是土壤中的铵态氮在微生物作用下转化为硝态氮的重要微生物过程,被认为是土壤氮素循环的核心和提供植物有效氮的主要过程[2-3]。土壤硝化过程受土壤水分[4]、土壤温度[5]、土壤肥力[6]、土壤pH[7]、土地利用类型[8]、耕作方式[9]等多种因素的影响,但各种影响因素在不同条件下的反应不尽相同。

传统理论认为酸性条件下硝化作用受到抑制[10-11]。近年来的研究表明,亚热带地区的酸性红壤,在一定条件下硝化作用受到抑制[12-13],但也有研究发现,在农田和茶园中,即使土壤pH达到很低水平仍可发生硝化作用[14-15]。……

登录APP查看全文