土壤水分对槟榔幼苗净光合速率和蒸腾速率的影响

2015-10-21 16:47:39陈歆刘贝贝彭黎旭
热带作物学报 2015年11期

陈歆 刘贝贝 彭黎旭

摘 要 为实现槟榔幼苗标准化灌溉,采用盆栽实验,设置5个水分梯度[土壤相对含水量(30±5)%~(90±5)%],测定不同水分条件下槟榔幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、空气相对湿度(RH)、空气中CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Cond)等参数,研究各个因子对槟榔幼苗净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)的影响,采用回归分析分别拟合土壤水分与其净光合速率、蒸腾速率的数学模型。结果表明:(1)土壤相对含水量<60%时,影响槟榔幼苗Pn的主要因子是Cond、RH;土壤相对含水量≥60%时,影响槟榔幼苗Pn的主要因子是Ci、RH。(2)土壤相对含水量45%~60%时,影响槟榔幼苗Tr的主要因子是Cond、Vpdl;土壤相对含水量60%~70%时,影响槟榔幼苗Tr的主要因子是Cond和Ci;其余水分条件下影响槟榔幼苗Tr的主要因子都是Cond。(3)根据本次研究,拟合土壤水分对槟榔幼苗净光合速率和蒸腾速率的数学模型分别为Pn=-0.001 8x2+0.293 9x-5.567 9,R2=0.998 1;Tr=-0.001 6x2+0.265 2x-6.008 3,R2=0.943 8。

关键词 土壤水分;净光合速率;蒸腾速率;槟榔幼苗

中图分类号 S59 文献标识码 A

Abstract In order to finding the standard irrigation of betelnut seedlings five moisture gradient(soil relative water content of 30% to 90%)were used to build. The determination of betelnut seedlings under different water conditions of net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), air relative humidity(RH), air CO2 concentration(Ci)and stomatal conductance(Cond)parameters, which were using to build the mathematical model of photosynthetic capacity and study the contribution of each factors to the seedlings of betel nut net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr). Results showed that:(1)the soil relative water content < 60%, Cond and RH were the main factor affecting the Pn of betelnut seedling. When the soil relative water content of 60% or more, the main factors affecting the betelnut seedling Pn was Ci and RH.(2)When the soil relative water content of 45%-60%, the main factors affecting the Tr of betelnut seedling were Cond and Vpdl. Soil relative water content of 60% to 70%, the main factors affecting the Tr of betelnut seedling were Cond and Ci, While under the rest of Soil moisture the condition of the main factors affecting to the Tr of betelnut seedling were Cond.(3)According to the study, the mathematical model about the soil moisture effect on the betel nut seedlingsphotosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were Pn=-0.001 8x2+0.293 9x-5.567 9, R2=0.998 1; Tr=-0.001 6x2+0.265 2x-6.008 3, R2=0.943 8.

Key words Soil moisture; Photosynthetic rate; Transpiration rate; Betelnut seedlings

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.11.018

檳榔(Areca catechu L.)为棕榈科(Palmae)热带经济、药用作物;是中国四大南药之首,国内主要分布在海南、台湾两省[1]。海南岛属典型热带海洋气候,干湿季节分明。目前岛内农户种植槟榔主要集中在土壤贫瘠的山坡地,由于槟榔具有一定抗逆性,海南多数农户对槟榔种植管理较为粗放,常忽略土壤改造和水肥管理,以至于槟榔植株出现收获期变短,产量变少的现象。尤其在每年3~5月槟榔开花期影响更为突出,抑制了槟榔成树后期挂果数量[2]。

目前槟榔产业成为海南农业中仅次于橡胶的第二大支柱产业,发展前景十分广阔[3]。国内多研究槟榔的药理效应[4-5],在其植物生理生态上的成果不多。在前期槟榔的田间水分管理研究中发现,槟榔对逆境(低温和干旱)表现出不同的反应机制[6-10]。水分胁迫时,槟榔幼苗叶片的丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量及可溶性蛋白含量均呈现上的升趋势,超氧歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)呈先升高后下降的趋势[6,9-10]。……

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