张汉周 王维 杨为海 曾辉 邹明宏 陆超忠 万继锋



摘 要 系统观测21份澳洲坚果种质资源的开花结果物候期,分析其开花结果物候期的变异规律,并根据物候差异划分物候类型。结果表明:不同种质的开花结果物候期存在不同程度的差异,变异系数为2.91%~37.23%,进入花芽萌动期、花序抽生期、开花期、谢花期、果实膨大期、油份积累期及果实成熟期的时间分别相差约45、43、41、38、30、28、30 d;聚类分析将澳洲坚果种质资源分为物候期特点各异的3类;主成分分析第1、2主成分解释的总变异为 91.985%,更为直观展现了澳洲坚果种质开花结果物候期特点,其结果与聚类分析基本一致。
关键词 澳洲坚果;种质资源;开花;结果;物候期;变异
中图分类号 S664.9 文献标识码 A
Abstract The blooming and fruiting phenophases of 21 Macadamia spp. germplasm resources were observed systematically to analyze the phenological variation and to divide the phenological types according to phenological differences. The results showed that the blooming and fruiting phenophases had a large variation among all tested germplasm resources with variation coefficient of 2.91%-37.23%.The time difference of flower bud sprouting stage, inflorescence elongating stage, blooming stage, flower wilting stage, fruit expanding stage, fruit oil accumulation stage and fruit maturity stage was 45, 43, 41, 38, 30, 28 and 30 d, respectively. Three phenological types of Macadamia spp. germplasm resources were classified by cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the first and second principal components could explain 91.985% of total variance, directly demonstrating the characteristics of blooming and fruiting phenophases. The results were basically consistent with that of the cluster analysis.
Key words Macadamia spp.; Germplasm resources; Blossom; Fruit; Phenological phase; Variation
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.11.019
澳洲堅果(Macadamia spp.)又名夏威夷果、澳洲胡桃、昆士兰栗等,属山龙眼科(Proteaceae)澳洲坚果属(Macadamia F. Mull)常绿乔木果树。澳洲坚果原产于澳大利亚昆士兰州南部和新南威尔士州北部的沿海亚热带雨林地区[1-2],其人工栽培历史仅150多年,是一种新兴的高档坚果类果树,正在为越来越多的国家和地区所重视。我国于20世纪70年代末开始对澳洲坚果进行引种试种,已从国外引进品种中筛选出适应我国气候和土壤特点的H2、O.C.、HAES 344、HAES 788、HAES 695、HAES 922等优良品种,选育出南亚1号、南亚2号、桂热1号等新品种(系),目前主要栽植区域是云南和广西,广东、海南、四川、福建、贵州等省也均有种植[3-4]。对澳洲坚果的物候期研究是对其种质资源研究与利用的基础性工作。目前,国内外学者陈国云等[5]、郑树芳等[6]、陈显……