吉林省中部地区耕地流转模式初探

李慧 白青竹 任延辉等

摘要研究耕地流转模式，可以有效提高耕地的利用率，加快农业产业结构的调整，促进農村区域化种植和农业机械化程度的提高。文章对吉林省3个地区6个县市960户农民进行抽样调查，按流转时间和规模对耕地流转进行了初步分类分析，同时对各种耕地流转模式进行了比较，结果显示目前在该地区以短期小规模流转为主要的流转模式，长期小规模流转模式很少见，长期大规模流转模式极少发生。探讨了短期小规模流转模式对农民收入的影响，分析在未来一段时间内，中长期小规模流转模式有一定的生存空间，虽然长期大规模流转有利于集约化管理、降低投入、提高作物单产、保护生态、增强作物品质，但还需要建立健全法规制度，保障农民收入。

关键词吉林省；粮食主产地区；耕地流转；模式；农民收入

中图分类号S27文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-219-02

Discussion on the Model of Farmland Transfer in the Middle Areas of Jilin Province

LI Hui1，BAI Qingzhu2，REN Yanhui1，ZHANG Jingyong1*

（1.Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Changchun，Jilin 130033；2.Beidahuang Kenfeng Seed Co.，Ltd. Harbin，Heilongjiang 150090）

Abstract Farmland transfer mode should be researched which can effectively improve the rate of utilization of farmland， accelerate the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure， and promote the improvement of rural regional planting and agricultural machinery degree. 960 families in 6 county or city from Jilin had been investigated. A preliminary classification analysis of farmland transfer was carried out according to the time and scale. The various farmland transfer models were compared. Results showed that shortterm small scale transfer was the main transfer model in the local area at present. Longterm small scale transfer model was rare， longterm large scale transfer model occurred rarely. The effects of shortterm small scale transfer model on the income of the farmers were discussed. Midlong term small scale transfer model will occur. Although the longterm large scale transfer was conducive to intensive management， reduce the investment， improve crop yield per unit area， ecological protection and enhance the quality of crops， a perfect legal system need to be established to protect farmers' income.

Key words Jilin Province；Main grain production areas；Farmland transfer；Mode；Farmer income

随着农村经济不断发展，“三农”问题日益受到重视，处理好“三农”问题，将加速我国农业现代化进程，而土地特别是耕地在此环节中至关重要，农村耕地使用权的流转可以有效提高耕地的利用率，加快农业产业结构的调整，促进农村区域化种植和农业机械化程度的提高。农村耕地流转是农村经济发展到一定阶段的产物，通过耕地流转，可以开展规模化、集约化、现代化的农业经营模式[1]。耕地流转在吉林省粮食主产区已经变得日益普遍。

据吉林统计信息网数据显示，2014年吉林省粮食单产达到7 064.7 kg/hm2，比全国平均水平5 385.0 kg/hm2高出1 679.7 kg/hm2，继续保持全国第一的领先位置。……