针对大庆油田水基清防蜡剂的室内研究与应用

2015-10-21 18:55:34王晶卓兴家周长利王剑平张宏朱秀娟姜海瑞
当代化工 2015年6期

王晶 卓兴家 周长利 王剑平 张宏 朱秀娟 姜海瑞

摘 要:在采油过程中,含蠟原油沿着油管上升,由于压力和温度的不断降低,减少了原油对蜡的溶解度,原油中轻质组分的不断逸出,此时蜡开始结晶逸出并不断沉积在管壁或抽油杆上。原油中蜡含量越高,高碳蜡的含量越多,结蜡越严重,凝固点也越高。越易造成油管、抽油杆、油井和管线等设备的堵塞,导致油井产量不断下降,严重影响油井正常生产,甚至可能停产。因此,在原油生产管理中解决这一难题的有效方法之一就是使用化学清蜡剂进行清蜡。

关 键 词:含蜡原油;清蜡剂;溶蜡;结晶

中图分类号:TE 357 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1671-0460(2015)06-1395-03

Research and Application of Water-base Paraffin Remover for Daqing Oilfield

WANG Jing 1,ZHUO Xing-jia1,ZHOU Chang-li1,

WANG Jian-ping 2,ZHANG Hong 1,ZHU Xiu-juan 1,JIANG Hai-rui 1

(1. Northeast Petroleum University, Heilongjiang Daqing 163318, China;

2. Daqing Feima Ltd, Heilongjiang Daqing 163411,China;

3. Daqing Oilfield Company No.6 Oil Production Plant, Heilongjiang Daqing 163114,China;

4. Daqing Oilfield Company No.3 Oil Production Plant, Heilongjiang Daqing 163113,China)

Abstract: In the oil recovery process, waxy crude rises along the tubing, because of the pressure and temperature decreasing, the solubility of crude wax reduces, light components of crude oil constantly escape, and the wax begins to crystallize and continuously deposit on the wall and the rod. The higher the wax content in the crude and the carbon content of the crude wax, the more serious the wax deposition, the higher the freezing point. So lead tubing, rod, oil wells, pipelines and other equipments are easily blocked, which will lead to oil production declining, and seriously affect the normal production of oil. Therefore, one of the effective methods to solve this problem in the management of oil production is to use chemical paraffin remover.

Key words: Waxy crude; Paraffin remover; Dissolved wax; Crystallization

鉴于目前国内外尚未针对油井井筒开展相关的结蜡机理与规律、结蜡诊断、清防蜡措施优选开展相关研究,因此,基于流体力学、工程热力学等理论,采用实验研究、理论计算等方法,开展油井井筒结蜡及清防蜡技术研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

1 国内外对结蜡机理及清蜡方法的研究现状

解决结蜡问题的关键是要弄清楚结蜡机理和规律。为此国内外研究人员先后基于不同的工作原理建立了相应的蜡沉积试验装置,以了解蜡沉积的规律,并揭示其机理。国内外研究人员利用建立的蜡沉积试验装置研究含蜡原油蜡沉积过程,进而建立蜡沉积模型。通过实验测量或工程实际获得的数据验证含蜡原油流动过程中蜡沉积模型,形成其结蜡规律的认识[1]。……

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