奥尔兰天空观景台，松恩—菲尤拉讷，挪威

建筑设计：托德·桑德斯，汤米·威廉森/桑德斯建筑事务所与威廉森建筑事务所

Architects: Todd Saunders, Tommie Wilhelmsen/Saunders Arkitektur & Wilhelmsen Arkitektur

奥尔兰天空观景台，松恩—菲尤拉讷，挪威

Aurland Look Out, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway, 2005

建筑设计：托德·桑德斯，汤米·威廉森/桑德斯建筑事务所与威廉森建筑事务所

Architects: Todd Saunders, Tommie Wilhelmsen/Saunders Arkitektur & Wilhelmsen Arkitektur

1 远景/Distant view

基本情况

项目的基地位于松恩—菲尤拉讷郡的小镇奥尔兰，这里位居挪威西部海岸一处较大的峡湾处。从挪威的第二大城市卑尔根到奥尔兰大约需要3小时的车程。有3家建筑事务所受邀对这一基地进行概念设计，我们是其中之一。在竞标成功后，我们与卑尔根的Node工程公司一起进行了项目的深入设计工作。项目于2005年秋天完工，于2006年6月正式对外开放。

项目吸引了世界各地的人们前来参观。在竞标阶段，我们将这一设计命名为“距离奥尔兰640m，距离东京20,120km”，以从更宏观的角度彰显这一地理位置的特殊性。

场地和自然风貌

在着手进行设计后，我们确定了自然第一、建筑第二的设计原则。这是因为我们很快地意识到，在如此优美的环境中，设计显然应该尽量减少对原有景观和地形的影响。这里风景幽美，几乎不需要再做修整；同时，如果在场地中插入太多的元素，很有可能破坏其美好的氛围。为此，我们选择了一种基于极简主义概念的表现形式，以同时达到保护和完善原有自然风貌的目的。

组织

今天，很多人都会在这里驻足，欣赏峡湾的壮丽风景。但这同时会让场地上停满汽车和旅游巴士。为此，我们首先设计了一个小型的停车场，能沿道路两侧停靠2辆巴士、10辆汽车，从而保持基地内的整洁，减少对观景台的影响。观景台本身的形式则是一座悬挑在空中、可以让人们走上去的桥。桥宽4m，长30m，尽端处高9m。

视角与戏剧性

为了让观景能更具戏剧性，我们认为营造一种离开山体的体验非常重要。为此，我们希望人们能走到室外，并让观景台以宽阔、开敞的峡湾中的一座桥的形象出现，创造独特的观景视角。同时，为了让人们产生走出山景、来到新的视点的感受，保护基地原有的景观和植被不被破坏也至关重要。

为此，我们设法保留了基地上原有的所有大松树，使得建筑和自然间产生互动——通过让人们在走向室外时穿过树梢，访客对自然本身和观景台两者的体验都显得更富戏剧性了。□ （司马蕾 译）

Some Facts about the Project and Process

The site is above Aurland, a small town in Sogn og Fjordane, one of the largest Thords on the West Coast of Norway. Aurland is three hours drive from Bergen, Norway's second largest city. We were one of three architecture firms invited to deliver a design proposal for this site. Having won the project, we worked on detail drawings together with Node Engineers, Bergen.The project was built in the autumn of 2005 and was officially opened in June 2006.

The place has attracted visitors from all over the world. We called our competition entry "640m over Aurland and 20,120 km from Tokyo", keeping in mind the uniqueness of the place in the bigger picture.

The Place and the nature

"Nature first and architecture second" was the guiding principal when we sat down to design this project. It was immediately obvious to us that in such beautiful surroundings one must make the least possible encroachment on the existing landscape and terrain. The landscape is so fantastic that it is difficult to improve the place, but at the same time very easy to destroy the atmosphere by inserting too many elements into the site. Even though we have chosen an expressive form, the concept is a form of minimalism, in an attempt to conserve and complement the existing nature.

Organization

Today there are many people stopping at this site to enjoy the phenomenal views over the Thords. At times the area gets filled with cars and tour busses. One of the first things we decided to do was to form a small parking area for 2 buses and 10 cars further up the road to help keep the place pure and the lookout undisturbed. The outcome structure is a bridge in the air that one can go out onto. It is 4m wide, 30m long, and 9m high out at the very end.

The Horizon and Dramatization

To make the situation even more dramatic, it was important for us to create the experience of leaving the mountainside. We wanted people to come out in the air. The construction creates a distinct horizon with a bridge in the open space of this large fjord. It is imperative that the landscape and the vegetation are not altered, but are protected so that one can come out from the landscape and experience it from new standpoint.

We have managed to behold all of the large pine trees on the site. This allows us to create an interaction between the structure and the nature. One can walk out into the air through the treetops, a dramatized experience of nature and the greater landscape space.□

2 观景台上/View on the platform

3 观景台下/Under the platform

评论

郭屹民：形式追随体验的设计！极简的设计意图尽管保全了既有地貌的风景，但是以追求全新体验为企图而凸显的桥面，却俨然成为了对既有地形的挑战。虽然延伸出挑的桥面保持着与既有地面平直的连续，但其在端部卷曲向下的操作，因为无法从既有的环境中获得足够的参照，所以只能理解为是设计师即兴发挥式的表现。本质上，物质形式在视觉上的连续显然并不等同于抽象关系上的连续。其结果就是，体验造就了人工与自然的对峙！

褚冬竹：对于各地诸多令人印象深刻的临崖观景台来说，使站立其上的观者摆脱原自然场所的约束，尽力创造向前凸进的空间，甚至制造些颇为惊悚的体验，大致是一个共同追求的目标。对木材的精妙使用，已是挪威建筑师最为突出的优秀特征之一，无需赘言。除此之外，奥尔兰观景台最大的不同在于台面尽端，竟以一个令人惊讶的弧形转折完成了顶部水平面到斜撑的转化。这创造性地实现了某种更为刺激的“无边际”体验，是建筑师的神来之笔。

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: The Norwegian Highways Department

结构设计/Structural design: Node AS

机械设计/Mechanical design: Node AS

电力设计/Electrical design: Node AS

景观设计/Landscape Design: Todd Saunders & Tommie Wilhelmsen

室内设计/Interior Design: Todd Saunders & Tommie Wilhelmsen

承建商/Contractor: Veidekke AS

其他顾问/Other Specialist Consultants: 道路工程师/Road Engineer: Asplan Viak

摄影/Photos: Bent Rene Synnevag (fig.1,2,4), Todd Saunders (fig.3,5)

4 观景台上/View on the platform

5 观景台下/Under the platform

Comments

GUO Yimin: This is a design in which form follows experience. Though the minimalist design intervention helps to preserve the continuity of the landform, the bridge, which stands out in order to reveal a brand-new experience, deliberately challenges the landscape. While the extended bridge remains on the level continuum of the land, its downward-curling extension can only be understood as the designer's improvisation, as it cannot draw a reference from the environment. Essentially, the visual continuum of the physical form does not equal the continuum of abstract relationships. What follows such an experience is a confrontation between the man-made and the natural.

CHU Dongzhu: The most impressive cliff-viewing platforms enable viewers to break away from the constraints of the natural site. In order to do this, they strive to create a protruding space, or even some thrilling experiences. This is, by and large, is a commonly pursued goal. Needless to say, the delicate use of wood has been one of the most prominent features of Norwegian architects. Besides, the biggest difference of Aurland manifests itself at the end point of the platform, which transits from the horizontal to a diagonal bracing via an amazing arc. This is a stroke of the architect's genius, which creatively accomplishes an even more thrilling "boundless" experience.