社区高龄独居老人健康自我管理能力状况调查与分析*

陈红 任新 荀雪琴（上海市黄浦区老西门街道社区卫生服务中心 上海 200010）

社区高龄独居老人健康自我管理能力状况调查与分析*

陈红 任新 荀雪琴
（上海市黄浦区老西门街道社区卫生服务中心 上海 200010）

摘 要目的：了解上海市老西门社区高龄独居老人的健康自我管理状况。方法：采用健康自我管理能力测评工具（AHSMSRS量表）对86名来中心就诊并居住在老西门街道的高龄（80～97岁）独居老人进行问卷调查。结果：86名高龄独居老人中同时患有2种及以上疾病者63名(73.26%)，患病率位于前5位的慢性疾病为高血压、冠状动脉性心脏病、慢性支气管炎、糖尿病、脑血管意外和类风湿病。按AHSMSR量表标准化得分指标由高到低的顺序依次为环境分量表（79.88）、认知分量表（78.65）和行为分量表（75.78），而各个维度中运动自我管理（56.96）、饮食自我管理（73.08）最差。结论：高龄老人虽然认识到自身健康管理的重要性，但却没有积极主动的生活方式，为此，在高龄老年人群中开展健康教育干预十分必要。

关键词健康教育 健康自我管理能力 老年人

*基金项目：黄浦区科委立项项目（2012-HGG-42）

Survey and analysis on the self-management skill of the oldest people who lived alone in the community

CHEN Hong, REN Xin, XUN Xueqin
(Laoximen Community Health Service Center of Huangpu District, Shanghai 200010, China)

ABSTRACTObjective: To investigate the situation of the health self-management in the oldest people who lived alone in Laoximen Community of Shanghai. Methods: The rating scale of health self-management skills for adult (AHSMSRS) was used to investigate 86 oldest persons aged from 80 – 97 years old who visited in this center and lived alone in Laoximen Community. Results: There were 63 (73.26%) oldest people who had two or more diseases among them. The prevalence rates in the top 5 chronic diseases were hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis, diabetes, cerebral vascular accident and rheumatoid arthritis. The standardized score indexes of AHSMSRS arranged from the high to low orders were the environment subscale (79.88), cognitive subscale (78.65) and behavior subscale (75.78). However, the lowest scores were the sport selfmanagement (56.96) and diet self-management (73.08) in all dimensions. Conclusion: Although the oldest people have realized the importance of the health self-management, they do not have an active life style. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the health education intervention in the oldest population.

KEY WORDShealth education; health self-management skill; elderly people

人口老龄化问题是目前全球面临的重大问题，中国第六次人口普查发现，我国有1.78亿60岁以上的老人，占人口数的13.26%。随着人口老龄化进程的加速，我国城市空巢家庭的数目也在逐年上升，空巢家庭的数目已成为人们普遍关注的社会问题[1]。随着年龄的增长，老年人各项生理功能和健康状况逐渐下降[2]。高龄独居老人的健康自我管理能力决定了其健康程度[3]和生活质量，而准确评估健康自我管理能力则是有效提高健康水平的前提[4]。……