向心穿刺法对血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的并发症影响分析

2016-03-12 15:21:44王红梅
中国医药科学 2016年1期
关键词:血液透析

王红梅

[摘要] 目的 探讨向心穿刺法对于血液透析患者动静脉内瘘并发症的影响。 方法 选取2012年1月~ 2015年1月于我院收治的肾功能衰竭患者58例,且患者均采用血液透析方式治疗,且患者均在行血液透析前2个月进行了动静脉内瘘手术,随机分为为观察组和对照组,对照组采用向心穿刺法,观察组才采用常规穿刺方法,每组各29例。并且对两组患者手术时的并发症以及发生率进行统计分析。 结果 术中穿刺疼痛比较(x2=16.180,P=0.000)、皮下血肿(x2=6.799,P=0.009),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。穿刺渗血的次数比较(x2=0.194,P=0.668),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。并发症方面,在血栓形成(x2=7.668,P=0.007)、内瘘狭窄或闭塞(x2=8.524,P=0.005)比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 血液透析采用向心穿刺法对于减少血液透析动静脉内瘘患者并发症,具有一定意义,并且建议临床中广泛应用该方法。

[关键词] 血液透析;动静脉内瘘;皮下水肿;血栓

[中图分类号] R473.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 2095-0616(2016)01-214-03

[Abstract] Objective To study and explore effect of centripetal puncture on arteriovenous fistulas complication of hemodialysis patients. Methods 58 patients with renal failure who were admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to January 2015, receiving hemodialysis and operation on arteriovenous fistulas at two months before hemodialysis were randomly allocated to the observation group and the control group, with 29 in each. The control group was received centripetal puncture while the observation group was received routine puncture. In addition, complication during operation and incidence of patients in two groups were statistically analyzed. Results Comparison of operative puncture pain and subcutaneous hematoma were (x2=16.180,P=0.000) and (x2=6.799,P=0.009) respectively, which had statistical significance (P<0.05). Comparison of numbers of puncture was (x2=0.194,P=0.668) which had no statistical significance (P>0.05). From the perspective of complications, comparison of thrombosis and fistulas stenosis or occlusion were (x2=7.668,P=0.007) and (x2=8.524,P=0.005) respectively which had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Centripetal puncture in hemodialysis can reduce arteriovenous fistulas complication of hemodialysis patients which has certain significance. It is worthy of wide application in clinic.

[Key words] Hemodialysis; Arteriovenous fistulas; Subcutaneous hematoma; Thrombosis

血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)是一种急慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾脏替代治疗的方法[1],尤其是对于终末期肾脏疾病有一定的治疗意义,慢性肾功能衰竭的发病率在近些年呈上升趋势,对于该病的治疗我们也给予了极大的重视,该病的主要治疗方式就是血液透析,血液透析对于终末期肾衰竭的替代治疗也有一定意义,对于维持患者的生命有着较高的意义,而动静脉内瘘(AVF)保证了良好的血管通路[2],而在血液透析前,会有种种原因导致动静脉内瘘失去其正常功能,特别是在血液透析前的穿刺时,不同的穿刺方法会引起一些并发症的发生,因此采用较好的穿刺方法也是非常关键的一部分,对于血液透析患者的动静脉内瘘有一定影响,本研究通过对血液透析患者采用向心穿刺法,从而研究其对于行血液透析术时的并发症的影响,现报道如下。……

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