冲刺Ⅱ卷拿高分 “活命”词汇不丢分
——高考后期备考Ⅱ卷抢分策略之单词篇

2016-04-11 09:07新疆刘雪娟常玉国特级教师
教学考试(高考英语) 2016年3期
关键词:活命书面副词

新疆 刘雪娟 常玉国 (特级教师)

冲刺Ⅱ卷拿高分 “活命”词汇不丢分
——高考后期备考Ⅱ卷抢分策略之单词篇

新疆 刘雪娟 常玉国 (特级教师)

所谓“Ⅱ卷”,规范地说应是“第Ⅱ卷”,在全国卷中被称为“第三部分英语知识运用”和“第四部分写作”,包括我们熟知的“语法填空”“短文改错”和“书面表达”三部分;满分50分,占全卷分值的三分之一(在不计听力成绩的省份占比更大)。与Ⅰ卷的选择题不同,本部分要求考生书面书写完成,也被称之为“主观性试题”。Ⅱ卷其实并不是很难,虽然拿满分不易,但拿高分应该是很有把握的。但是在历年的高考实战中和考前的备考演练中,考生却常常拿不到一个理想的分数。

究其原因,除了应对试题的具体能力要求没有达到外,考生的基础知识之基础——基(活)本(命)单词的准确拼写也是一个需要全面清理和提升的重要方面,而这些“小小”的错误,很可能大大地拉低你全卷的“智商”呢!

高考真题再现,看看你能答对吗?

一、下列句子中各有一处错误,请找出并改正。

【高考链接】1.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ,短文改错)Tony was scared and begun to cry.

【高考链接】2.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ,短文改错)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.

【高考链接】3.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ,短文改错)Dad and I were terrible worried.

二、在下列句子的空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。

【高考链接】4.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ,语法填空)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition”a house...

【高考链接】5.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ,语法填空)As 69 (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

【高考链接】6.(2015·广东卷,语法填空)Whilemaking great efforts to run away,she 21 (fall) over the hill and died.

【高考链接】 7.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ,短文改错改编)_____(fortunate),with the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.

【高考链接】 8.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ,书面表达改编)I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double_____(nine) Festival.

【高考链接】 9.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ,书面表达改编)It carries articles______(write) by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.

三、在下列句子的空白处填入所给单词的正确形式(虽然全国卷无此类型试题,但是书面表达中常常会用到这些单词)。

【高考链接】10.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ,语法填空改编)Instead,I’d headed_____(直接) for Yangshuo.

【高考链接】11.(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅰ,语法填空改编)And the town is fast becoming a______(受欢迎)weekend destination for people in Asia.

【高考链接】12.(2015· 全国新课标卷Ⅰ,短文改错改编)We must find ways to protect our_____(环境).

看看上面题目的答案,你做对了多少呢?

1. begun改为began。此处应用一般过去时,而begin的过去式是began。

2. telling改为told。tell的过去式为told。

3. terrible改为terribly。以-ble和-ple结尾的形容词变副词要去e加y。

4. ability。形容词able转换为名词形式比较特别。

5. natural。名词nature转换为形容词形式比较特别。

6. fell。fall为不规则动词,其过去式为fell。

7. Unfortunately。除了要加否定前缀外,以e结尾的形容词转换为副词形式时一般要保留词尾的e。

8. Ninth。9的序数词要去e加-th。另外,此处还要注意大写!

9. written。write为不规则动词,其过去分词很容易写错,而其-ing形式也常常被错写为writting。

10. straight。此处应填副词。straight既是形容词也是副词。

11. popular。容易将词尾错写成-er。

12. environment。容易丢了第二个n。

这仅仅是其中的一小部分,Ⅱ卷备考的冲刺目标应是在这些单词的拼写上不出问题!

常考单词归纳,助你一臂之力!

下列内容是根据近年“高考大纲词汇表”和考生在Ⅱ卷备考中的易错单词整理出来的,这些单词没有给出汉语意思,看看你认识吗?建议:对于不认识的单词,应该尽快认熟、记准,因为这些词可以说都是必须掌握单词中的基本词汇,也被称之为Ⅱ卷备考的“活命词汇”!

一、容易写错的单词

1.容易错写词尾的单词

(1)是ar不是er:grammar,vinegar,regular,popular,dollar,beggar,sugar,particular

(2)是or不是er: professor,visitor,translator,director,editor,educator,actor,inventor,competitor

2.容易颠倒字母顺序的单词(括号中为错词)

destroy(destory),first(frist),Friday(Firday),friend(firend),receive(recieve),true(ture),amateur(amature)

3.容易丢掉一个字母的单词

(1)容易丢掉字母n:government,environment,environmental

(2)容易丢掉不发音的字母:Christmas,Wednesday

(3)拼写比较特别的单词:committee,guarantee,dilemma,opportunity,bridegroom,spokesman,succeed,competition,February

4.容易多一个字母的单词(括号中为错词)

develop(develope),habit(habbit),proud(pround),modern(mordern),until(untill),souvenir(souvenire),similar(similiar)

5.词形相近,词义、词性容易混淆的单词

quiet—quite,aboard—abroad,broad—board,adopt—adapt,alone—along,horse—house,except—expect,through—thorough,price—prize—praise,quality—quantity,it—it’s,sit—seat,everyday—every day,beside—besides,affect—effect,typewriter—typist,cook—cooker,physicist—physician,late—later—latter—lately,seize—size,sweet—sweat,till—until,sigh—sign,weather—whether,rise—raise,piece—peace,rough—tough,steel—steal—still,sometime—sometimes—some time—some times,wander—wonder,father—farther—feather,past—passed,diary—dairy,form—from,hard—hardly,metal—medal—mental,than—then,principle—principal,enable—unable,overcome—come over,altitude—attitude

6.该双写却没有双写的单词

unforgettable,beginning,written,inferred,referred,occurred

7.不该双写却双写的单词(括号中为错词)

writing(writting),eaten(eatten),suffer(sufferred)

8.必须去掉字母e的单词

unbelievable,valuable,argument,truly

9.不能去掉字母e的单词

(un)changeable,(re)chargeable,hopeful,envelope

10.两个变化非常特别的单词

panic—panicked—panicking,picnic—picnicked—picnicking

二、词性转化中,词形容易出错的单词

1.动词变名词比较特殊的单词

describe—description,explain—explanation,pronounce—pronunciation,permit—permission,conclude—conclusion,admit—admission,prepare—preparation,arrive—arrival,survive—survival—survivor

2.名词变形容词比较特殊的单词

nature—natural,benefit—beneficial

3.形容词变名词比较特殊的单词

curious—curiosity,able—ability,dangerous—danger,anxious—anxiety,broad—breadth,long—length,wide—width,deep—depth,responsible—responsibility

4.形容词变副词不去e的单词

(un)fortunate—(un)fortunately,immediate—immediately,absolute—absolutely,rude—rudely,approximate—approximately,desperate—desperately,large—largely,accurate—accurately

但true—truly!

5.形容词与副词同形的单词

straight,fast,late,hard

6.形容词变副词,去e加y的单词(以-ble,-ple结尾的单词,去e加y就好)

simple—simply,(im)possible—(im)possibly,probable—probably,(un)comfortable—(un)comfortably

7.基数词转化为序数词比较特殊的单词

one—first,two—second,three—third,five—fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve—twelfth

整数位的-ty要改为-tieth,如twenty—twentieth,sixty—sixtieth

另外,注意这些数词的变化:four—fourteen—forty,five—fifteen—fifty

三、常见常考的加不同否定前缀的单词

1. un-:unusual,unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected

2. im-:impossible,impolite,immoral

3. in-:incorrect,inconvenient,informal

4. ir-:irregular,irrelevant

5. ab-:abnormal

6. dis-:disagree,disappear,dislike

7. il-:illegal,illogical

四、常见常考的名词问题

1.最常考的10个不可数名词

fun,information,progress,news,homework,housework,furniture,advice,baggage/luggage

2.复数变化比较特别的几组名词

(1)变词尾f(fe)为v再加es的单词

“贼”(thief—thieves)的“妻子”(wife—wives)用“架子”(shelf—shelves)上的一把小“刀”(knife—knives)和“半”(half—halves)片“树叶”(leaf—leaves)“亲自”(self—selves)杀死了“狼”(wolf—wolves)的“生命”(life—lives)。

(2)以o结尾加-es作复数的单词

他们在“龙卷风”(tornadoes)中吃“土豆”(potatoes)和“西红柿”(tomatoes),真是“英雄”(heroes)啊!

(3)单数变复数,变化较特殊的单词

passer-by—passers-by,German—Germans

五、代词变化中比较特别的单词

I—me—my—mine—myself,he—him—his—his—himself,they—them—their—theirs—themselves,we—us—our—ours—ourselves

六、高考词汇表中所列出的不规则动词有136个,但我们最容易写错、常用常考的不规则动词(包括个别规则动词)约有近40组(按出错频率排序,黑体部分为常常出错的地方)

______汉意原形_过去式_过去分词_-ing形式_______写write __wrote __written __writing ______开始begin __began ___begun _beginning _______说say __said ___said __saying _______吃eat ___ate ___eaten __eating ____跑;跑步run ___ran ___run __running ______学习study _studied __studied _studying ______撒谎lie __lied ___lied ___lying _______躺lie ___lay ___lain ___lying ___产卵;放置lay __laid ___laid ___laying ______上升rise __rose ___risen ___rising ____教;教书____ __teach _taught __taught __teaching ___抓住;吸引___ __catch _caught __caught __catching _______去go __went ___gone ___going _______买buy _bought __bought __buying _______卖sell __sold ___sold __selling _____喝;饮drink __drank __drunk __drinking ____掉落;摔fall ___fell ___fallen __falling ____感觉;摸feel ___felt ____felt __feeling ___找到;发现____ __find _found ___found __finding ______建立found founded __founded _founding ______听到hear _heard __heard __hearing ___保持;持续___ __keep __kept ___kept __keeping ____飞;放飞fly __flew ___flown ___flying ___付钱;支付pay __paid ___paid __paying ___告诉;讲述___ ___tell __told ___told __telling ______铃响ring __rang ___rung __ringing ___搜寻;探求___ __seek _sought __sought __seeking ______睡觉sleep __slept ___slept __sleeping扩散;传播;蔓延__spread _spread __spread _spreading ____读;阅读read __read ___read __reading _______偷steal __stole ___stolen __stealing ____赢;获胜win __won ___won __winning ____咬;叮咬bite ___bit ___bitten ___biting ___击败;打败____ __beat __beat __beaten __beating __骑(车,马)__ __ride __rode __ridden ___riding ______游泳__swim _swam ___swum _swimming

经典题目变身,你的眼力如何呢?

以上归纳出的这些“活命单词”,是根据考生应试情况和平日备考训练情况做的记载和统计,对大多数考生,特别是处于中等层面的考生是非常有用的。

现在请你再试着解答下面几组根据高考题目改编的试题。

第一组:下列句子中各有一处错误,请找出并改正。

1. We are growing wonderful tomato at no cost!

2. First,when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week? Beside,I wish there would not be too many students in a class.

3. When I was a child,I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.

第二组 :在下列句子的空白处填入所给单词的正确形式。

4. A few hours earlier,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with_____(it) choking smog.

5. We stood around him and watched_____(attentive). Then we started to have a try______(we).

6. I’m______(write) to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.

7. In my free time,I will continue to take regular exercise,such as_____(swim),_____(run) and various ball games.

8.______(possible) you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an ______(possible) situation,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change_____(immediate)?

9. A boy on a bike_____(catch ) my attention.

第三组:在下列句子的空白处填入所给单词的正确形式(书面表达中你能写正确吗)。

10. The “Foreign Cultures”section in our newspaper is very______(受欢迎)among us students.

11. If you are interested in it,let me know and I’ll send you more_____(信息).

12. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my ______(同事),I will do a good job in whatever I do.

13. I’d also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and______(是否)accommodation is included.

【参考答案】1. tomato改为tomatoes 2. Beside改为Besides 3. think改为thought 4. its 5. attentively;ourselves 6. writing 7. swimming; running 8. Possibly; impossible;immediately 9. caught 10. popular 11. information 12. colleagues 13. whether

本文所归纳的易错单词只是其中一部分,考生一定要做好自己的“易错单词库”,及时补充,常翻常看,确保在语法填空、短文改错、书面表达这几类题型上不犯常见单词拼写错误这样的“低能”错误,确保Ⅱ卷成绩能够锦上添花!

(作者单位:刘雪娟 新疆哈密石油高级中学;常玉国 新疆哈密地区第二中学)

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