王珍 梁燕萍 肖翠艳

[摘要] 目的 研究宽谱远红外线照射对维持性血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘(AVF)的临床护理效果。 方法 选取2014年1月~2015年1月在我院行维持性血液透析的患者132例,依照随机分组法将其分为观察组66例和对照组66例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在此基础上实施宽谱远红外线照射,3个月后观察两组的护理效果。 结果 观察组重度疼痛0.00%、中度疼痛3.03%,显著低于对照组的9.09%、13.64%;无疼痛78.79%,显著高于对照组的57.58%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组护理效果优75.76%、优良率89.39%,均显著高于对照组的51.52%、68.18%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后观察组瘘管闭塞(0.00%)、感染(4.55%)、局部出血(3.03%)、血肿(9.09%)的发生率显著低于对照组(9.09%、18.18%、13.64%、24.24%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组首次使用内瘘时长显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 宽谱远红外线照射维持性血液透析患者自体AVF,能显著减少并发症发生率,缓解患者疼痛,提高护理效果,建议临床推广应用。
[关键词] 非热康谱红外线照射;尿毒症;血液透析;动静脉内瘘;护理
[中图分类号] R473.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)09-0076-03
[Abstract] Objective To study the clinical nursing effect of wide spectrum far infrared irradiation on autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 132 MHD patients treated in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(n=66) and the control group(n=66). Patients in the control group were given routine nursing, while patients in the observation group were additionally given wide spectrum far infrared irradiation. The nursing effects were observed after three months. Results The proportions of severe pain(0.00%) and moderate pain(3.03%) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (9.09% and 13.64%, P<0.05). The proportion of no pain was 78.79% in the observation group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group(57.58%, P<0.05). The rates of excellent (75.76%) and excellent and good (89.39%) of nursing effect in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(51.52% and 68.18%, P<0.05). The incidence rates of fistula occlusion (0.00%), infection (4.55%), local bleeding (3.03%), and hematoma (9.09%)in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(9.09%, 18.18%, 13.64%, and 24.24%, P<0.05). The time of first use of fistula in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Wide spectrum far infrared irradiation on AVF in MHD patients can significantly reduce the incidence of complications, relieve pain and enhance nursing effect, thus is worthy to be promoted.
[Key words] Far infrared irradiation; Uremia; Hemodialysis; Arteriovenous fistula; Nursing
慢性肾衰竭(chronic renal failure,CRF)是严重威胁人类健康和生命的常见疾病之一[1]。近年来,CRF发病率呈逐年增高趋势,平均每年以8%的速度增长。据国际肾脏病协会统计,CRF在自然人群中的发病率为(98~198)/100万,经济发达国家发病率更高,美国和日本的发病率分别达802/100万和996/100万。血液透析是肾衰竭患者主要的肾脏替代治疗手段之一,血管通路的有效建立是保证血液净化治疗成功进行的前提和关键。动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula,AVF)即为临床常使用的血管通路,因此加强对AVF的护理,避免穿刺处感染、血管闭塞与出血等并发症的发生尤为重要[2,3]。宽谱远红外线治疗仪通过红外线照射,是目前修护内瘘的最佳装置[4]。因此,本文采用宽谱远红外线治疗仪对维持性血液透析患者AVF进行护理,探讨其作用效果,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
选取2014年1月~2015年1月在我院行维持性血液透析患者132例作为研究对象。……