世界高水平女子排球攻防实力评价及进攻战术风格分析

于作军+郝霖霖

摘要：对当今世界排名前16支高水平女排队伍的攻防实力进行评价，并对各队的进攻战术风格进行综合分析。结论：1）进攻方面，中国队与巴西队进攻实力最强，发球、一攻及反击效果非常好，同属1档球队。防守方面，巴西队、意大利队防守实力较强，属于1档球队，而中国队接发球、拦网以及接扣球效果一般，属于3档球队；2）越是技术全面、攻手平衡的球队，攻防综合实力档次越高，巴西队与意大利队同属1档球队，而中国队处于2档水平；3）当今世界高水平女排的进攻战术风格可分为五类，第一类以“快速多变、立体进攻”的打法为主；第二类以“中间掩护、两端拉开”的打法为主；第三类以“高举高打、力量制胜”的打法为主；美国队为第四类，以前排进攻为主，基本不采用后排进攻；日本队为第五类，以前排两翼拉开进攻为主，快攻及后排攻的比例相对较低。

关键词：女子排球；中国女排；攻防实力；战术风格；RSR评价；聚类分析

中图分类号：G842 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-2076（2016）03-0091-08

Abstract：The goal of the paper is to assess attacking and defending strength of 16 women's high-level volleyball teams and analyze the attacking style of each team. Literature review， video recording， video observing and mathematical statistics are adopted. Video recording is to utilize Datavolley software to collect the statistics of 6 indexes of attacking and defending and then calculate the overall values. As for mathematical statistics， it involves deviation method， RSR method and clustering analysis. Conclusion： 1） In terms of attacking， China and Cuba rank the highest in serving， first-round attacking and fighting back. They are both listed in the first-class teams. For defending， the first-class teams come from Brazil and Italy. However， the Chinese team， with its mediocre performance in receiving the serve and spike and blocking， is considered as a third-class team. 2） The team with more comprehensive skills and better coordinated attacking and defending strategies always has a better overall strength. Hence， the Brazilian and Italian teams are put in the first-class， while the Chinese team the second-class. 3） The attacking styles of women's high-level volleyball in the world can be categorized into 5 types. The first style features fast and variable attacking. The second is to attack from both ends with the cover from the middle. Attacking high in the

伦敦奥运会以后，世界各国的女子排球队在2013年都进行了大幅度调整，无论在人员结构上还是在技战术打法上都有不同程度的变化。世界高水平女子排球队的竞技实力发生了较大的变化，为了了解各支女排队伍的技战术水平，明确当前排球运动的发展趋势和战术特征，同时为中国女排攻防实力做一个准确的定位，本研究通过统计2014-2015年度80场世界女排大赛数据，对当今世界排名前16支高水平女排队伍的攻防实力进行评价，并对各队的进攻战术风格进行综合分析。……