低油价下石油企业协同创新发展探讨

吴光武 张媛 丁亮 刘珮璜 王欢

摘要：国际油价大幅度下跌，石油行业遭遇严峻的困难和挑战，石油公司采取各项措施降本增效，协同创新将是石油企业发展的重要途径。通过分析协同创新内涵与优势，介绍国外大型企业协同创新先进做法，开展协同创新可以有效促进企业主营业务发展、支持开拓新业务、增强技术能力、加快研发进程、降低研发成本，提出石油企业如何有效开展协同创新、产学研协同创新、加速科研成果转化、增强企业竞争力；与关联企业签订战略合作协议实现互利共赢；开展联合工业项目提升技术水平，不断发展自主创新能力，同时有效加强知识产权管理等方法。

关键词：低油价；石油企业；协同创新；发展；探讨

中图分类号：F46.22 文献标识码：A

文章编号：1005-913X（2016）06-0084-03

Abstract：The international oil fell sharply， the oil industry suffered severe difficulties and challenges， the oil companies to take various measures to reduce the efficiency， collaborative innovation will be an important way for the development of petroleum enterprises.By analyzing the connotation and advantages of collaborative innovation， this paper introduces the advanced practice of collaborative innovation of large enterprises in foreign countries，collaborative innovation can effectively promote the business development of the main business， support the development of new business， enhance technical capabilities， accelerate the development process， reduce the cost of R & d，how to effectively carry out collaborative innovation， collaborative innovation， accelerate the transformation of scientific research achievements， and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises；Signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the affiliated enterprises to achieve mutual benefit and win-win；To carry out joint industrial projects to improve the level of technology， the continuous development of independent innovation capability， and effectively strengthen the management of intellectual property rights and other methods.

Key words：Low oil price； Petroleum enterprise； Collaborative innovation； development； Discussion

2014下半年以来，国际油价大幅度下跌，石油行业遭遇严峻的困难和挑战，石油公司采取一系列降本增效措施，包括压缩投资、精简开支、裁减冗员、兼并重组等，并将降低成本费用的压力传递至技术服务、装备制造、工程建设、材料供应等各个环节，推动整个产业链低成本运行。[1]在低油价的市场环境中，赢得竞争优势和发展需要依靠成本领先，而实现成本领先的最有效途径就是技术创新。近年来，科技发展速度不断加快，技术生命周期不断缩短，新学科、新技术不断涌现，出现了很多跨学科领域的科学技术，科技体系日益庞杂。这些特点导致石油企业技术创新的成本和不确定性增加，导致企业不可能仅靠自身力量完成整个创新链活动，需要广泛吸引和借助外部创新资源实现企业业务和技术目标，鉴于此，协同创新成了当前石油企业技术创新的主导模式。……