贵州省ICU医护人员职业紧张现状及心理干预研究

王宇辉，符虔，龙大丽.贵州省人民医院重症医学科，贵州贵阳　55000；.贵州大学心理健康教育咨询中心，贵州贵阳　55005

贵州省ICU医护人员职业紧张现状及心理干预研究

王宇辉1，符虔2，龙大丽1
1.贵州省人民医院重症医学科，贵州贵阳550001；2.贵州大学心理健康教育咨询中心，贵州贵阳550025

目的了解贵州省ICU医护人员职业紧张现状，探寻缓解职业紧张的有效途径。方法采用职业紧张量表修订版（OSI-R）对贵州省人民医院、贵州医科大学附属医院及遵义医学院附属医院150名ICU医护人员进行团体施测。随后采用认知行为干预技术对调查人群进行心理干预及效果评估。 结果ICU医护人员的职业任务问卷（ORQ）总均分、紧张反应问卷（PSQ）均分显著高于全国常模水平，应对资源问卷（PRQ）均分显著低于全国常模的平均水平；心理干预能有效缓解职业紧张现象。 结论贵州省ICU医护人员的职业紧张现状普遍严重、医院管理部门及医护人员个人应采取积极的应对措施，以提高医疗质量。

ICU；医护人员；职业紧张

［Abstract］Objective To know the occupational stress of ICU medical staff in Guizhou Province and seek for the effective way to relieve occupational stress.Methods 150 medical staff from Guizhou People's Hospital，Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College were given team-test by the occupational stress inventory revised edition，and then the survey population was given mental intervention and effect evaluation by the cognitive behavior intervention technology.Results The total average score of occupational task questionnaire and stress reaction questionnaire in the ICU medical staff were obviously higher than those of the national norm level，the average score of personal resource questionnaire was obviously lower than that of the average level of national norm，and the mental intervention can effectively relieve the occupational stress.Conclusion The occupational stress of ICU medical staff in Guizhou Province is generally serious，and the hospital management department，medical staff and individual should take active countermeasures in order to improve medical quality.

［Key words］ICU；Medical staff；Occupational stress；Psychological Intervention

职业紧张是在职业条件下，个人的客观要求与适应能力失衡所产生的生理和心理压力［1］。ICU是一种严密的监护、治疗和护理的过程，要求对病人实施各器官功能的维护，并力求及时、有效地阻断和逆转危重症。其繁、重、急的学科特点要求ICU医护人员不但要有扎实精湛的专业技能，还要有较强的心理应对和承受能力［2］。其轮班作业、紧张封闭的工作环境被认为是造成职业紧张的重要因素，影响个体神经生理节律，如血压、基础代谢率、血糖水平、思维效率及工作情绪，导致紧张等应激现象［3］。……