血型实验室输血检验质量控制与输血安全

阙朝锦彭州市人民医院输血科，四川彭州　611930

血型实验室输血检验质量控制与输血安全

阙朝锦
彭州市人民医院输血科，四川彭州611930

目的探讨输血实验室输血检验的质量控制措施，以保障输血的及时、安全以及有效。方法随机选取2014年2月—2016年2月间于该院申请输血治疗的900例患者的血液标本为研究对象，根据入选时间分为两组，2014年2月—2015年2月作为对照组（400例）；2015年2月—2016年2月作为实验组（500例）。实验组实施加强输血检验、血型鉴定与交叉配血3个环节的质量控制措施，观察实施效果。统计对比分析两组输血安全性。结果实验组输血实验室采取上述质量控制措施后，保障了输血安全。输血安全事故发生率为0.8%，对照组发生率为14.25%。对照组安全事故的发生率显著高于实验组。结论输血实验室在输血检验过程中需要针对各个环节采取有效的质量控制措施，避免或减少输血安全事故，保障输血安全，使医疗纠纷与疾病感染发生率降低。

质量控制；输血检验；血型实验室；输血安全

［Abstract］Objective To study the quality control measures of blood transfusion examination in the blood type laboratory in order to ensure the timely，safe and effective blood transfusion.Methods The blood specimens of 900 cases of patients applying for blood transfusion treatment in our hospital from February 2014 to February 2016 were randomly selected as the research objects and divided into two groups according to the selected time，the patients treated from February 2014 to February 2015 were used as the control group（400 cases），the patients treated from February 2015 to February 2016 were used as the experimental group（500 cases），the experimental group implemented quality control measures such as enhancing blood transfusion examination，blood type identification and cross matching，the implementation effect was observed，and the blood transfusion safety of the two groups was counted and comparatively analyzed.Results In the experimental group，the above quality control measures ensured the blood transfusion safety，and the incidence rate of blood transfusion safe accident in the control group was obviously higher than that in the experimental group，（0.8%vs 14.25%）.Conclusion The blood transfusion laboratory should take effective quality control measures for every link in the blood transfusion examination process in order to avoid or reduce the blood transfusion safe accident，ensure blood transfusion safety and reduce the medical disputes and incidence rate of disease infection.

［Key words］Quality control；Blood transfusion examination；Blood type laboratory；Blood transfusion safety

在临床治疗以及急救过程中，最为常见的一项措施就是输血，目的就是维持、挽救生命。但输血中也存在很多风险［1］。在医学技术不断进步的背景下，输血技术有所提升，保障了输血的安全性［2］。然而由于人类血液成分的复杂性与差异性，受血者与输血者都有发生不良反应的可能性，必须采取有效的安全措施。该研究总结分析了血型实验室输血检验的质量控制措施及交叉配血的安全性，让血液能安全有效地应用于临床中，现报道如下。……