基于船舶营运数据的海运废气排放量测算

邢 辉, 段树林, 梁炳南, 刘勤安

(大连海事大学 轮机工程学院，辽宁 大连 116026)

基于船舶营运数据的海运废气排放量测算

邢 辉, 段树林, 梁炳南, 刘勤安

(大连海事大学 轮机工程学院，辽宁 大连 116026)

为准确测算全球范围内的海运废气排放，提出一种基于船舶营运数据的测算方法。建立基于燃料消耗的排放测算模型，确定与燃料相关的排放因子和与设备相关的排放因子；建立基于船舶活动过程的排放测算模型，确定不同负荷工况下燃油消耗率与柴油机负荷之间的对应关系，并根据燃油消耗率和基于燃料消耗的排放因子得到54台不同类型柴油机基于能量消耗的排放因子。应用所建立的2种测算模型，计算并对比目标船2014年的废气排放量，以验证利用自上而下和自下而上2种方法得到的海运废气排放量测算结果的有效性。结果表明:2种模型得到的CO2排放量近似相等，但基于船舶活动过程的NOx，CO，SO2和PM排放量分别比基于燃料消耗的计算结果偏高13.47%，4.88%，3.92%和1.87%;计算结果具有可比性但也表现出差异。基于燃料消耗的排放测算方法比较简便易行，而基于船舶活动过程的排放测算结果相对更准确。

海上运输；废气排放；排放因子；燃油消耗率；海运船舶

Abstract: To estimate accurately the global shipping emissions, an operational data-based estimation approach for exhaust emissions from sea-going ships is proposed. The fuel consumption-based emission calculation model is established, and the fuel-related emission factors and the equipment-related emission factors are defined. The ship activity-based emission calculation model is also established. Moreover, the relationships of Specific Fuel Oil Consumptions (SFOC) against engine load are fitted based on emissions test reports of 54 marine diesel engines. The energy-based emission factors of different types of marine diesel engines for NOx, CO, CO2, SO2and PM are determined by combining the conversion of energy-based emission factors and fuel-based emission factors. The two emission calculation models on a target ship in 2014 are calculated to verify the effectiveness of the estimating results based on top-down and bottom-up methods respectively. The results show that the CO2emissions based on the two models are approximately equal, but the ship activity-based NOx, CO, SO2and PM emissions are more than the fuel consumption-based emissions by 13.47%, 4.88%, 3.92% and 1.87% respectively. The fuel consumption-based emissions calculation method is relatively simple; however, the results from ship activity-based emissions calculation method are relatively more accurate.

Keywords: maritime transport; exhaust emission; emission factor; specific fuel oil consumption; sea-going ship

海上运输在为经济社会发展作出巨大贡献的同时，也对大气污染物及温室气体排放带来了较大影响。为控制海运废气排放，一些区域性或全球性政策正陆续出台。为制定有效的排放控制措施，首先要做的工作就是准确预测海运废气排放的区域和数量。……