党翠娇,姜文斐,孙传河,廖伟龙,潘卫东
上海中医药大学附属曙光医院神经内科,上海 201203
散发性肌萎缩侧索硬化发病机制探讨:谷氨酸受体2 Q/R部位RNA无效编辑和病理性TDP-43
党翠娇,姜文斐,孙传河,廖伟龙,潘卫东
上海中医药大学附属曙光医院神经内科,上海 201203
肌萎缩侧索硬化;谷氨酸受体;TDP-43;钙蛋白酶;发病机制
潘卫东
panwd@medmail.com.cn
党翠娇,姜文斐,孙传河,等. 散发性肌萎缩侧索硬化发病机制探讨:谷氨酸受体2 Q/R部位RNA无效编辑和病理性TDP-43[J]. 神经病学与神经康复学杂志, 2016, 12(2):94-101.
E-MAIL ADDRESS
panwd@medmail.com.cn
ABSTRACT
Inefficient glutamate receptor A2 (GluA2) Q/R site-RNA editing and related downregulation of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA2 (ADAR2) expression as well as pathological transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43-kD (TDP-43) can simultaneously occur in the same motor neurons in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting that there may be an association among these molecular abnormalities in ALS patients. The animal experiment has found that after knock-down of ADAR2 gene, the motor neurons of
the rats showed a chronic death. The abnormal mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43 fragments induced by ADAR2 difficiency results in nerve cell toxicity, then accelerating the degeneration and death of the motor neurons. This paper summarizes the role of inefficient GluA2 Q/R site-RNA editing and TDP-43 pathology in sporadic ALS, and discusses the possible influencing factors associated with inefficient RNA editing mediated by ADAR2,hoping to provide useful information to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for ALS.
To cite: DANG C J, JlANG W F, SUN C H, et al. Pathogenic mechanism of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: From a perspective of inefficient GluA2 Q/R site-RNA editing and pathological TDP-43 in motor neurons. J Neurol and Neurorehabil, 2016, 12(2):94-101.
谷 氨 酸 受 体2(glutamate receptor A2,GluA2)是谷氨酸受体亚基α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异唑-丙酸(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methl-4-isoxazole propionate,AMPA)受体的亚单位[1],是哺乳动物中枢神经系统常见的一种离子型谷氨酸受体,主要介导中枢神经系统快速兴奋性突触传递。GluA2的Q/R部位Q与R的转换可以影响受体偶合Ca2+通道的通透性,此位点上的Q-R转化失败可引起AMPA受体过度激活,使Ca2+通透性增加而引起Ca2+内流,引发谷氨酸的兴奋性毒性,导致神经元损伤,最终造成多种神经性损伤及慢性神经退行性疾病的发生,如肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)、致死性癫痫和帕金森病等[2]。KAWAHARA等[3]在散发性ALS患者尸检中发现运动神经元的Q/R部位存在相当比例未编辑的GluA2 mRNA,认为GluR2 Q/R部位的不完全编辑是散发性ALS的主要病因,由此推断AMPA受体拮抗剂的研究有望为ALS患者带来新的治疗方法。
反式激活应答DNA结合蛋白43 (transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43-kD,TDP-43)是一种多功能的DNA和RNA结合蛋白。正常情况下,TDP-43在细胞质内合成后转变为成熟而稳定的多肽,而成熟的TDP-43大部分会被转运至细胞核内,与TAR DNA相结合,对细胞内的RNA转录和选择性剪接以及mRNA稳定性的调节具有重要作用[4-5]。……