李红+蒋文珍+马俊岭+王晓娟

摘 要 目的:探讨力量平衡操对社区老年人跌倒的影响效果,为预防跌倒的干预措施奠定理论基础。方法:采用方便抽样法选取北蔡镇2014年1月-2015年10月4个社区129例老年人,分为干预组65例和对照组64例。对照组进行常规健康教育,在此基础上干预组增加力量平衡操练习。结果:干预12周后采用功能性步态(FGA)进行评价,干预组总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);跌倒情况比较,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:力量平衡操练习能提高社区老年人的平衡能力,从而提高老年人的抗跌倒能力,有效地预防和减少跌倒伤害。
关键词 力量平衡操; 预防; 老年人; 跌倒
中图分类号:R473.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)24-0052-03
Evaluation of the effect of power balance exercise on the prevention of falls in the elderly in community
LI Hong, JIANG Wenzhen, MA Junling, WANG Xiaojuan
(Beicai Community Health Service Center of Pudong New District, Shanghai 201204, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effect of power balance exercise on the falls in the elderly in community to lay a theoretical foundation for the prevention of falls. Methods: By system sampling method, 129 elderly patients in 4 communities in Beicai Community were selected and divided into an intervention group with 65 cases and a control group with 64 ones. The control group was given the routine health education, and the intervention group was added with the power balance exercise based on the routine health education. Results: After 12 weeks intervention, the scores were evaluated with functional gait assessment(FGA), the total score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In comparison of falls, the difference between the two groups has the statistical significance(P<0.001). Conclusion: Power balance exercise can improve the balance ability of the elderly in the community so as to improve the ability of anti-falls and effectively prevent and reduce the falling injury.
KEY WORDS power balance exercise; prevention; the elderly; fall
老年人跌倒的发生并不是一种意外,而是存在潜在的危险因素,因此老年人跌倒完全是可以预防和控制的[1]。运动锻炼是目前公认的被证明预防跌倒有显著效果的措施[2-3]。随着年龄增长,老年人骨骼系统功能降低,下肢肌肉力量下降(尤其是股四头肌力量下降)而导致肌肉、关节功能减弱,移动功能下降,易引起跌倒[4]。夏庆华等研究报道,大约61.7%的老年跌倒发生在社区范围内,因此,以社区为主要场所,在老年群体中开展健康教育是既经济又有效的干预手段[5]。力量平衡操是采用美国国家老年研究所的“老年人运动指南”中介绍的一套力量训练法和美国加州大学洛杉矶分校衰老研究中心主任Small教授所著《The longevity bible》中的一套力量屈伸锻炼[6-7],针对社区老年人的生理特点而设计的一套运动操,目的是提高老年人身体的灵活性、协调性、肌力和平衡能力来抵抗跌倒的发生。本研究将这套运动操应用于社区老年人群,探讨其对预防老年人跌倒的影响。……