血清学阴性类风湿关节炎关节液中抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体、抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗体的测定及临床意义

2017-01-04 08:33曲世晶贾汝琳栗占国
北京大学学报(医学版) 2016年6期
关键词:阴性抗体阳性

曲世晶, 叶 华, 贾汝琳, 栗占国△

(1. 北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科, 北京 100044; 2. 山西医科大学第二医院西院风湿免疫科, 太原 030053)



·论著·

血清学阴性类风湿关节炎关节液中抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体、抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗体的测定及临床意义

曲世晶1,2, 叶 华1, 贾汝琳1, 栗占国1△

(1. 北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科, 北京 100044; 2. 山西医科大学第二医院西院风湿免疫科, 太原 030053)

目的:检测血清学阴性类风湿关节炎(serum negative rheumatoid arthritis,SNRA)患者的关节液中抗环瓜氨酸肽(cyclic citrullinated peptide,CCP)抗体、抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白(mutated citrullinated vimentin, MCV)抗体水平,了解关节液中这两种抗体对诊断SNRA的临床意义。方法: 应用酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)法检测两组患者膝关节液中抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体,实验组为SNRA患者,共29例,对照组为骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)患者,共28例,并收集两组患者的临床表现及实验室指标。结果: 实验组29例SNRA患者膝关节液中抗CCP抗体阳性者10例(34.5%),测定值为(114.5±62.6) U/mL;抗MCV抗体阳性者6例(20.7%),测定值为(32.0±11.3) U/mL;对照组28例OA患者膝关节液中3例抗CCP抗体阳性(10.7%),测定值为(20.6±0.1) U/mL,2例抗MCV抗体阳性(7.1%),测定值为(22.1±1.7) U/mL。SNRA组关节液抗CCP抗体的阳性率显著高于对照组(34.5%vs.10.7%,χ2=4.571,P<0.05);SNRA组关节液抗MCV抗体的阳性率高于对照组(20.7%vs.7.1%,χ2=2.167,P>0.05),但差异无统计学意义;抗CCP抗体在SNRA中的敏感性为34.5%,特异性为89.3%,阳性预测值为76.9%,阴性预测值为56.8%;抗MCV抗体敏感性为20.7%,特异性为92.9%,阳性预测值为75.0%,阴性预测值为53.1%;膝关节液中抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体两者联合检测的敏感性为48.0%,特异性为82.8%,SNRA关节液抗CCP抗体阳性组、抗MCV抗体阳性组与各自阴性组相比较,在年龄、病程和晨僵方面差异均无统计学意义,而膝关节液抗CCP抗体阳性组和抗MCV抗体阳性组红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和28个关节的疾病活动评分(the disease activity score in 28 joints,DAS28)均比各自阴性组高(P均<0.01)。抗CCP抗体与ESR和CRP之间呈正相关(r=0.567,P<0.01;r=0.664,P<0.01);抗MCV抗体与ESR和CRP之间呈正相关(r=0.344,P<0.01;r=0.749,P<0.01) 。结论: SNRA关节液抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体联合检测有助于SNRA诊断和疾病活动的判断。

关节炎, 类风湿;血清;类风湿因子;抗体,抗环瓜氨酸肽;抗体,抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白;滑液

类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthrit is, RA) 是以关节滑膜炎为基本病理特征的系统性疾病,致残率很高,因此其早期准确诊断非常重要,血清类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor, RF)是诊断RA的常用血清学标志之一,但其阳性率仅60%~80%。近年来已发现在RA患者血液、关节滑膜(液)和软骨组织表层存在多种瓜氨酸化蛋白、抗瓜氨酸化蛋白抗体(anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, ACPAS) 及免疫复合物[1-3],在关节滑膜自身免疫损害中发挥重要作用[4-5]。RA患者血清及关节液中ACPAS的检测已成为国际公认的早期诊断RA及判断关节损伤的特异和灵敏的指标,目前报道较多的有抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(cyclic citrullinated peptide, CCP)、抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗体(mutated citrullinated vimentin, MCV)、抗核周因子(anti-perinuclear factor, APF)、抗角蛋白抗体(anti-keratin antibodies, AKA)等。抗CCP抗体是RA最为重要的特异性抗体,存在于患者血液及滑液中,敏感性和特异性很高,此抗体在RA临床症状出现5年前即可检出,对于RA的早期诊断和预后评估[6]都很有意义。近些年来,许多研究也评价了血清抗MCV抗体对RA的诊断意义,大多认为抗MCV抗体诊断RA价值较高。Mansour等[7]报道抗MCV抗体对RA诊断有较高的敏感性(79.6%)和特异性(96.6%), 联合血清RF和ACPAS检测能极大提高RA的早期诊断率,但RA患者中仍有10%~20%[8]的患者血清RF和ACPAS均阴性,即血清学阴性RA(serum negative rheumatoid arthritis, SNRA)[9],此类患者在疾病早期诊断较为困难,因此,本研究旨在说明检测SNRA患者关节液中的抗CCP抗体及抗MCV抗体,是否有助于SNRA的早期诊断。

1 资料与方法

1.1 病例选择

对2009年9月至2013年4月北京大学人民医院风湿免疫科门诊及住院的已抽取膝关节关节液的RA患者进行筛选,选取符合1987年美国风湿病学会(American College of Rheumatology, ACR)分类标准[10],但血清中RF(免疫比浊法)、抗CCP和抗MCV[酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)]、AKA和APF(间接免疫荧光法)均阴性的RA患者29例为实验组,选取符合膝骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)分类标准[11]的骨关节炎患者28例为对照组。29例SNRA患者中,男6例,女23例,年龄38~78岁,平均(59.8±11.5)岁;对照组28例,男7例,女21例,年龄48~87岁,平均(63.0±9.5)岁,两组性别、年龄差异无统计学意义。该研究获得北京大学人民医院伦理委员会批准,所有患者均签署知情同意书。

1.2 研究方法

1.2.1 样本制备

所有病例均在实验前无菌状态下从膝关节处抽取关节液,样本均在4 ℃离心机中以3 000 r/min离心10 min,置-40 ℃冰箱保存至实验时,1次冻融后测定。

1.2.2 测定方法

应用ELISA法检测关节液中的抗CCP3抗体,抗CCP3抗体检测试剂盒购自德国欧蒙公司,测定值<20 U/mL为阴性;按照说明书,关节液稀释度与血清相同,为1 ∶10;抗MCV抗体水平检测亦采用ELISA定量检测试剂盒检测,试剂由德国Orgentec公司生产,关节液稀释度为1 ∶100。

1.3 疾病临床参数分析

分别记录每例SNRA患者的年龄、病程和晨僵时间、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和28个关节的疾病活动评分(the disease activity score in 28 joints,DAS28)。

1.4 统计学分析

2 结果

2.1 两组患者关节液中抗CCP抗体检测结果

29例SNRA患者中,关节液抗CCP抗体阳性的10例(34.5%),测定值为(114.5±62.6)U/mL;对照组28例患者关节液中3例抗CCP抗体阳性(10.7%),测定值为(20.6±0.1)U/mL,其余均呈阴性。SNRA组关节液抗CCP抗体的阳性率高于对照组(34.5%vs.10.7%,χ2=4.571,P<0.05)。抗CCP抗体敏感性为34.5%,特异性为89.3%,阳性预测值为76.9%,阴性预测值为56.8%。

2.2 两组患者抗MCV抗体检测结果

29例SNRA患者中,关节液抗MCV抗体阳性的6例(20.7%), 测定值为(32.0±11.3)U/mL;28例对照组患者关节液中2例抗MCV抗体阳性(7.1%),测定值为(22.1±1.7)U/mL,其余均呈阴性。SNRA组关节液抗MCV抗体的阳性率高于对照组(20.7%vs.7.1%,χ2=2.167,P>0.05);抗MCV抗体敏感性为20.7%,特异性为92.9%,阳性预测值为75.0%,阴性预测值为53.1%。

2.3 SNRA组关节液抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体联合检测结果

SNRA组关节液抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体均阳性的5例,关节液中抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体两者联合检测的敏感性为48.0%,特异性为82.8%。

2.4 临床及实验室指标

SNRA关节液抗CCP抗体阳性组、抗MCV抗体阳性组与各自阴性组相比较,在年龄、病程和晨僵方面差异均无统计学意义,但在ESR、 CRP和DAS28评分均比阴性组高(P<0. 01),见表1、2。

表1 关节液抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与临床及实验室指标关系比较(±s)

table1 Joint fluid anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and clinical and laboratory index comparison(±s)

表1 关节液抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体与临床及实验室指标关系比较(±s)

GroupsnAge/yearsCourseofthedisease/yearsMorningstiffness/hESR/(mm/1h)CRP/(mg/L)DAS28Anti-CCPantibodiespositive10 59.8±11.51.49±2.351.07±1.2380.40±27.9267.10±12.695.96±0.30Anti-CCPantibodiesnegative1959.8±9.05.76±7.461.08±1.1046.42±24.6534.66±40.454.89±0.78t0.053-2.284-0.0203.2413.2085.299P>0.05>0.05>0.05<0.01<0.01<0.01

CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reaction protein; DAS28, the disease activity score in 28 joints.

表2 关节液抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白抗体与临床及实验室指标关系比较(±s)

table2 Joint fluid anti mutated citrullinated vimentin antibody and clinical and laboratory index comparison(±s〗

GroupsnAge/yearsCourseofthedisease/yearsMorningstiffness/hESR/(mm/1h)CRP/(mg/L)DAS28anti-MCVantibodiespositive659.0±9.24.84±5.410.66±0.6793.67±26.6193.87±39.156.02±0.26anti-MCVantibodiesnegative2359.8±10.04.14±6.811.18±1.2048.83±23.6633.32±24.015.06±0.81t-0.1920.267-1.4123.7593.6154.866P>0.05>0.05>0.05<0.01<0.01<0.01

MCV, mutated citrullinated vimentin; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reaction protein; DAS28, the disease activity score in 28 joints.

2.5 相关性分析

关节液中抗CCP抗体与ESR和CRP之间呈正相关(r=0.567,P< 0.01;r=0.664,P<0.01);抗MCV抗体与ESR和CRP之间呈正相关(r=0.344,P<0.01;r=0.749,P<0. 01) 。

3 讨论

ACR诊断标准中的RF临床检测很方便,但其敏感性较低。RA患者体内存在ACPAS,包括抗CCP抗体、抗MCV抗体等。近几年抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体的检测日益受到重视,其高敏感性和极高的特异性使其成为RA早期诊断中很重要的一部分。RA患者关节滑膜组织中存在大量的瓜氨酸化蛋白,其检出阳性率显著高于正常人群的关节滑膜组织。

滑膜炎是RA中非常重要的基本病理改变,关节液中的抗体水平是一个值得重视的问题。RA的滑膜组织存在丰富的巨噬细胞,大量凋亡的巨噬细胞内存在瓜氨酸化的蛋白,主要是瓜氨酸化的纤维蛋白的α和β链,由此发现关节局部,特别是滑膜是CCP产生的重要场所。瓜氨酸化蛋白存在于多种炎症性关节炎滑膜中,但只有RA患者出现特异性ACPAS,并且其滑膜存在分泌ACPAS的B细胞。2001年van Esch等[12]研究证实在抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体血清阳性反应的RA 患者骨髓和滑液中的B淋巴细胞能自发分泌抗CCP抗体。关节液中的抗ACPAS抗体的临床意义目前相关研究虽有些进展,但尚不多,尤其是SNRA关节液的研究,Spadaro等[13]报道关节滑液中也可检测到抗CCP抗体,且滑液中抗CCP抗体的检测可作为诊断依据。Caspi等[14]学者报道,在银屑病关节炎及OA患者滑液中均可检测出抗CCP抗体,但RA患者滑液中的抗CCP抗体浓度明显升高。2010年Scherer等[15]观察证实血清及滑液的抗CCP 抗体,不仅数量而且质量都不同。抗CCP 抗体在出现临床不适的前几年在血清中已有显现,与血清学相比较,在滑液中更高,抗CCP抗体的Fc链糖独立存在于滑液。赵建青等[16]报道60例RF和抗CCP抗体阴性RA患者,检测关节液抗体阳性率为36.7%,提示关节液抗体检测可提高血清阴性RA患者诊断的敏感性及特异性。在RA的鉴别诊断过程中,关节液抗体检测可能会提供有价值的帮助,早期进行关节腔穿刺,抽取滑液进行相关抗体检测,对早期诊断及有效指导治疗均有重要意义,尤其对SNRA及疑难重症患者更为重要。

本研究显示,抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体在SNRA患者关节液中即可检测到,SNRA组患者的抗CCP抗体阳性检出率为34.5% ,而对照组的检出率只有10.7%;抗MCV抗体阳性检出率为20.7%,而对照组的检出率只有7.1%,且抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体两者联合检测的敏感性为48.0%,特异性为82.8%,这也提示联合检测关节液抗CCP抗体及抗MCV抗体有助于SNRA的诊断。

本研究还显示,SNRA组关节液抗CCP抗体阳性组及抗MCV阳性组较阴性组ESR、CRP和DAS28评分均高,而ESR、CRP、DAS28评分是反映RA活动性的指标,提示关节液抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体的检测可能是判断SNRA病情活动的评价指标。同时我们也发现SNRA组关节液抗CCP抗体及抗MCV抗体与ESR和CRP之间有相关性,且呈正相关。

近年来,关节液检验越来越受到重视。关节液由于受外界和机体其他因素的干扰较小,其成分的改变往往更能反映机体的疾病状态,因此我们认为,关节液检验应该更多地受到大家关注,同时需要就关节液标本开辟出更多、更有针对性的检测项目,以帮助临床更准确地做出诊断。总之,本研究提示抗CCP抗体和抗MCV抗体在关节液中的检测,有助于SNRA患者的诊断以及对疾病活动的判断,可能具有重要意义。

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(2016-08-02收稿)

(本文编辑:刘淑萍)

Significance and diagnostic value of synovial fluid anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies in patients with serum negative rheumatoid arthritis

QU Shi-jing1, 2, YE Hua1, JIA Ru-lin1, LI Zhan-guo1△

(1. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; 2. Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030053, China)

Objective: To explore the significance of synovial fluid(SF)anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) antibodies in the diagnosis of serum negative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA). Methods: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was apllied in the detection of two groups of patients with knee joint fluid resistance against CCP antibody and antibody of MCV, the experimental group to SNRA patients, a total of 29 cases, and the control for patients with osteoarthritis (OA), a total of 28 cases, and clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters of the two groups were collected. Results: The positive rate of synovial fluid anti-CCP was 34.5% in the SNRA patients, which was significantly higher than 10.7% in the control patients(χ2=4.571,P<0.05). The positive rate of synovial fluid anti-MCV was 20.7% in the SNRA patients, which was significantly higher than 7.1% in the control patients(χ2=2.167,P>0.05). The SNRA patients of SF anti-CCP and anti-MCV positive had no significant difference from the SNRA patients of SF anti-CCP and anti-MCV negative in age, course and morning stiffness. The levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) , C-reactive protein(CRP) and DAS28 scores in the SF anti-CCP positive patients were higher than those of the SF anti-CCP negative patients. The levels of ESR, CRP and DAS28 scores in the SF anti-MCV positive patients were higher than those of the SF anti-MCV negative patients, (allP<0.01). SF anti-CCP had correlation with ESR, CRP(r=0.567,P<0.01;r=0.664,P<0.01). SF anti-MCV had correlation with ESR, CRP(r=0.344,P<0.01;r=0.749,P<0.01). Conclusion: SF anti-CCP and anti-MCV are helpful for the diagnosis of SNRA and judgement of SNRA activity.

时间:2016-10-31 16:04:18

http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.4691.R.20161031.1604.008.html

R593.22

A

1671-167X(2016)06-0933-04

10.3969/j.issn.1671-167X.2016.06.002

△ Corresponding author’s e-mail, zgli99@ aliyun. com

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