余俏
摘 要: 气候变暖导致的极端天气严重影响着人类的生活,也引起我们对城市规划和管理方式的反思。城市森林作为城市的绿色基础设施经过合理规划能够减缓和适应全球气候变化及其不利影响。通过认知城市森林应对气候变化的作用,借鉴国内外城市森林规划实践经验,结合国内城市森林规划建设的现实问题,以减缓和适应气候变化为导向重新思考城市森林的规划模式。详述规划策略、空间布局及管控方法,以求最小化气候变化影响,最大化城市森林综合效益,改善和维持城市可持续生态环境。
关键词:气候变化;减缓和适应;城市森林;空间规划
Abstract:The extreme weather caused by climate warming has a strong impact on humans life, and leads to our reflection on urban planning and management methods. Urban forest as one of the urban green infrastructure can mitigate and adapt global climate changes with its adverse effect through appropriate planning. This paper rethinks urban forest planning patterns with the goal of mitigation and adaption of climate change through cognizing the beneficial function of urban forest on climate changes, referencing domestic and international practical experience of urban forest planning, combined with domestic issues of urban forest planning and construction. The planning strategies, spatial configuration, and regulation methods is elaborated, hoped to minimize the impact of climate changes ,maximize comprehensive benefits of urban forest , and maintain urban sustainable ecological environment.
Key words:climate change ; mitigation and adaption ; urban forest ; spatial planning reflection
中图分类号:C912 文献标识码:A
文章编号:1674-4144(2017)-01-46(7)
受到气候变化的影响,日趋频繁的极端温度、强降水、强台风等多种极端天气严重影响着城市,引发洪涝、高温、沙尘暴等灾害。在城市规划领域,国内外学者都做了较多应对气候变化的规划理论探索,如新城市主义、气候变化影响评估、低碳生态城市、适应性规划等[1-3]。城市森林作为城市的绿色基础设施能在应对气候变中发挥重要作用,如减少城市排放的二氧化碳,减小雨洪冲击和污染,减缓城市热岛效应,调节城市局部微气候,降低极端气候事件发生频率,最小化灾害损失。然而目前城市森林规划的内容相对单薄,重指标轻服务,未重视其内在生态适宜性,难以缓解气候变化给城市带来的不利影响,发挥综合的生态社会经济效益。……