邓爱平 郭兰萍 詹志来 黄璐琦
[摘要] 丹参为常用大宗药材,用药历史悠久,各地习用品较多,为正本清源,对丹参按颜色、功效等命名方法对其名称进行了考证,对历代本草及其药图中所记载的丹参,按照茎、叶、花、根的形态特点进行详细分析,得出历代本草中所记录的正品丹参即为历版中国药典所规定的Salvia miltiorrhiza,并对丹参历代产地变迁、品质评价进行了总结,为丹参资源的进一步开发利用提供依据。
[关键词] 丹参; 本草考证; 名称; 基原; 产地变迁; 品质评价
Decipherment of ancient literature about Danshen
DENG Aiping1.2, GUO Lanping1, ZHAN Zhilai1*, HUANG Luqi1
(1. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Daodi Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
2.School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong University of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510006, China)
[Abstract] Danshen has a long history in China as a commen traditional Chinese medicine, but many other members of the Salvia family is also used as Danshen in particular regions. The name of Danshen were analyzed according to the color, efficacity and etc. To investigate the real origin of Danshen, the stalk, leaf, flower and radix in chronicle and pictures of ancient literature were deciphered. It showed that in the past dynasties, Salvia miltiorrhiza was the most likely plant used as Danshen. The rigin and quality evaluation of Danshen were also summerized, provided new insight and proof for the development and utilization of Danshen.
[Key words] Salvia miltiorrhiza; decipherment of ancient literature; name; origin; original plant; quality evaluation
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20162230
丹参又名赤参,紫丹参,红根等,为唇形科植物丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge的干燥根和根状茎。味苦,微寒,归心、肝经,有活血祛瘀、通经止痛、清心除烦、凉血消痈的功效,用于胸痹心痛,脘腹胁痛,癥瘕积聚,热痹疼痛,心烦不眠,月经不调,痛经经闭,疮疡肿痛[1]。近代药理实验证明,丹参具有强心、保肝、抗菌、降血脂、改善微循环、抗血栓形成等作用。丹参所含的化学成分主要有丹参酮类,丹酚酸类和多糖类成分。随着野生资源的减少,目前丹参商品主要以栽培为主,主流产区有山东、山西、河南、四川、安徽、陕西等地。此外丹参的近缘物种较多,在民间应用和地方入药中,同属多种植物的根均作丹参用,如甘西鼠尾草S. przewalskii、长冠鼠尾草S. plectranthoides、滇丹参S. yunnanensis、南丹参S. bowleyana等[2]。为了更好的开发利用丹参,有必要对历代本草进行深入的挖掘整理,厘清各历史时期丹参的品种,为正确用药提供依据;同时总结不同时期丹参的产地变迁,为开展其道地性研究、现代适宜区划的研究提供依据;……