空巢高龄慢性疾病患者护理需求调查及实施整体化护理研究

黄东英

[摘要]目的 了解空巢高龄慢性疾病患者健康状况及其对社区护理的需求，并评价实施整体化护理的效果。方法 2014年6月～2016年5月，由经过系统培训的调查员在中山市三乡镇中抽取3个社区对1016 名空巢高龄慢性疾病患者进行问卷调查。把上述3个社区作为观察组，行3个月的整体化护理干预；同期另外抽取1个社区（497名空巢高龄慢性疾病患者）作为对照组，研究期间不进行任何护理干预。结果 空巢高龄慢性疾病患者常见的慢性疾病排在前5位的是高血压（31.3%）、糖尿病（28.3%）、冠心病（18.9%）、COPD（18.3%）、慢性胃肠病（17.4%）。对社区护理服务需求排在前3 位的是生病时提供上门服务、慢性病防治与护理、急救知识与护理。整体化护理干预3个月，观察组患者的住院率明顯低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 实施整体化护理干预可以提高空巢高龄慢性疾病患者的日常生活能力，降低住院率。

[关键词]空巢；整体化护理；慢性疾病；护理需求

[中图分类号] R473.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2016）11（c）-0186-03

[Abstract]Objective To understand the health status of the empty nest elderly patients with chronic disease and its demand for community nursing，and to evaluate the effect of implementation of holistic nursing.Methods From June 2014 to May 2016，1016 empty nest elderly patients with chronic disease of three communities extracted in Sanxiang Town of Zhongshan City were given questionnaire investigation by systematic training of investigator.3 above-mentioned communities were selected as observation group，and holistic nursing intervention was conducted for 3 months，while the other community （497 empty nest elderly patients with chronic disease） were selected as control group at the same period，and any nursing intervention was done during study period.Results Chronic disease of empty nest elderly patients with chronic disease in the top 5 was hypertension （31.3%），diabetes （28.3%），coronary heart disease （18.9%），COPD （18.3%） and chronic gastrointestinal disease （17.4%） respectively.The demand for community nursing services in the top 3 was provide on-site service when illness，prevention and treatment and nursing of chronic disease and first aid knowledge and nursing.Integrated nursing intervention for 3 months，the hospitalization rate of patients in observation group was obviously lower than that in control group，and the difference was statistical significance （P<0.01）.Conclusion Implementation of holistic nursing intervention can enhance daily life ability of empty nest elderly patients with chronic disease and decrease hospitalization rate.

[Key words]Empty nest；Holistic nursing；Chronic disease；Nursing demand

受长期实行计划生育政策，医疗技术的快速发展以及城市白领生育意愿的下降等多种因素的影响，我国“空巢”老人的数量已相当庞大[1]。空巢家庭一般是指未生育子女、子女已故或子女由于各种原因外出与父母分开，只剩下老年人独自居住的家庭[2]。据中山市老龄办公室统计，目前中山市老年人共计70多万，符合空巢老人的已超过10万[3]。为客观全面地了解我市三乡镇空巢高龄老人慢性病患病情况及社区护理需求，更好地开展社区护理工作，为卫生管理部门制订相应的政策提供基础资料与指导依据，本研究对中山市三乡镇1016名空巢老人慢性病患病情况及社区护理需求进行调查，并针对空巢高龄慢性疾病患者的护理需求，实施整体化护理研究，效果满意。……