杨慎华 李巍 李艳文
【摘要】 目的:分析某地区煤矿工人尘肺病的患病现状、危险因素,提出针对性的防治对策。方法:选取2015年9月-2016年9月某地区煤矿工人1398例,所有工人均给予职业体检检查,统计分析所有工人的临床资料、尘肺病发病情况。结果:本次调查中,某地区煤矿有36例工人检出尘肺病,总检出率为2.58%。掘进场所呼尘平均浓度为(8.84±3.24)mg/m3,总尘平均浓度为(16.87±5.27)mg/m3,尘肺病检出率为4.40%,均明显高于采煤场所,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同工种中,混合工的尘肺病检出率最高(3.16%),其发病年龄为(37.86±2.82)岁,发病工龄为(14.24±2.02)岁;纯采煤工的尘肺病检出率最低(1.10%),其发病年龄和发病工龄最高,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:该地区尘肺病发病率高,应重点加强煤矿作业场所的环境管理和煤矿工人的健康监护,加大对煤矿工人相关职业自我防护意识及疾病相关知识的宣教,采取科学合理措施,对煤矿工艺进行改革,有效的控制煤矿工人尘肺病的发生。
【关键词】 煤矿工人; 尘肺病; 粉尘危害; 防治对策
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of pneumoconiosis among coal miners in a certain area, and put forward some countermeasures.Method:1398 cases of mine workers in a given area were selected from September 2015 to September 2016,all the workers were conducted medical examination,the clinical data of all workers and pneumoconiosis disease outbreaks were statistical analysed.Result:In the survey,36 workers were detected had pneumoconiosis disease and the rate was 2.58%,tunneling working face call average concentration of dust was (8.84±3.24) mg/m3,the total average concentration of dust was (16.87±5.27) mg/m3,
pneumoconiosis detection rate was 4.40%,significantly higher than that of the coal face,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Mixed in different type of work,the workers pneumoconiosis detection rate was the highest(3.16%),the onset age was (37.86±2.82) years,service length was (14.24±2.02) year,pure coal pneumoconiosis detection rate was the lowest(1.10%),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Pneumoconiosis incidence is high,the region should focus on strengthening environmental management and coal mine workers health,carry out focused education of self protection consciousness and professional knowledge,adopt scientific and reasonable measures,reform coal technology,control the occurrence of coal workers pneumoconiosis effectively.
【Key words】 Coal miners; Pneumoconiosis; Dust hazard; Prevention and control countermeasures
First-authors address:Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi,Nanchang 330006,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.07.033
尘肺病是常见的职业病,由长期吸入生产性粉尘(灰尘)引起肺组织弥漫性纤维化(瘢痕)所致,可导致咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛等症状,严重者威胁患者的生命[1-2]。有研究表明,煤矿工人是尘肺病高发人群之一,其防治關键在于对症治疗和消除各种危险因素,故分析其现状对指导防治对策的制定具有重要的意义[3-4]。对此,本研究通过对某地区煤矿工人进行尘肺病职业体检和职业卫生调查,分析其现状,探讨防治对策,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料 选取2015年9月-2016年9月某地区煤矿工人1398例,男710例,女688例;年龄20~58岁,平均(36.89±12.57)岁;接尘年龄21~28岁,平均(23.89±4.57)岁;工龄1~28年,平均(13.67±5.26)年;掘进场所546例,采煤场所852例;纯采煤工182例,主采煤工242例,纯掘进工128例,主掘进工214例,混合工632例。所有资料均完整且来源真实可靠。
1.2 纳入与排除标准 (1)纳入标准:①男性年龄在18~65岁范围内,女性年龄在18~60岁范围内;②无精神病病史或免疫系统、血液系统等严重性原发性疾病;③可清晰通过语言、笔录、行为等方式进行信息传递和表达。……