台州地区基层医院PICC维护知识认知及影响因素分析

徐青青++杨菊晔　张迎伟　赖丽君　桑丽清　　詹晓雁

[摘要] 目的 了解台州地区基层医院PICC操作护士对PICC维护知识的认知情况，并探讨其影响因素。 方法 建立台州地区基层医院护士对PICC维护认知的调查问卷，2011年11月～2012年5月对开展PICC病房的59例护士进行问卷调查，分析台州地区基层医院PICC相关知识掌握影响因素。 结果 台州地区基层医院PICC维护知识认知准确率高低不平，基层护士对PICC相关知识问卷回答的总成绩为16（5）分，不合格、及格、良好之间两两比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。是否在编、是否有PICC资质对导管固定知识评分有影响（P<0.05）。医院等级对冲洗导管知识评分有影响（P<0.05）。冲洗导管分值与医院等级具有一定的相关性（P<0.05），导管固定分值与编制、PICC资质具有一定的相关性（P<0.05）。 结论 台州地区基层医院 PICC 操作护士对 PICC 相关知识掌握不佳，有待进一步加强培训。

[关键词] PICC；维护知识；认知；影响因素

[中图分类号] R473.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701（2017）03-0026-03

Analysis of knowledge cognition and influencing factors of PICC maintenance in primary hospitals in Taizhou Area

XU Qingqing1 YANG Juye1 ZHANG Yingwei1 LAI Lijun1 SANG Liqing2 ZHAN Xiaoyan2

1.Department of Rehabilitation， Sanmen Peoples Hospital in Zhejiang Province， Sanmen 317100， China； 2.Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Hangzhou 310006， China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the cognition of PICC maintenance knowledge in the nurses in primary hospitals of Taizhou area， and to explore its influencing factors. Methods A questionnaire on the maintenance knowledge of PICC in the nurses of primary hospitals in Taizhou area was established. From November 2011 to May 2012， 59 nurses who in the PICC wards were surveyed. Influential factors of the mastering of PICC-related knowledge in primary hospitals of Taizhou area were analyzed. Results The accurate cognition rate of PICC maintenance knowledge in primary hospitals of Taizhou area was uneven. The total score of the PICC-related knowledge questionnaire completed by primary nurses was 16（5）. The differences between each of the two of failure， pass and merit was statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was effect of whether the nurses were in establishment and whether the nurses were with PICC qualifications on the score of catheter fixation knowledge（P<0.05）. Hospital grade had an effect on the score of irrigating catheter knowledge （P<0.05）. There was a certain correlation between the score of irrigating catheter and hospital grade （P<0.05）. The score of catheter fixation， being in establishment， and PICC qualification were correlated （P<0.05）. Conclusion The nurses operating PICC in primary hospitals of Taizhou area have poor knowledge about PICC， and further training is needed.

[Key words] PICC； Maintenance knowledge； Cognition； Influencing factors

經外周静脉留置中心静脉导管术（peripherally inserted central catheters，PICC）[1，2]是指从周围静脉导入，并将导管尖端置于上腔静脉的方法，在临床被广泛应用于长期静脉输液治疗、肿瘤化疗、肠外营养、老人输液[3]。感染是PICC应用的主要问题，护士是实施PICC置管后维护的主体，加强护理培训可以明显降低肿瘤患者PICC导管长期留置相关性感染[4]。为此，本研究旨在通过调查台州地区基层医院PICC操作护士相关知识的同时收集资料，从而分析PICC操作护士相关知识掌握情况及影响因素，为提高操作护士对PICC置管后日常护理的质量提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

本研究采用非随机取样方法，于2011年11月～2012年5月选取台州地区基层医院经常实施PICC的科室并同意接受调查的59例护士进行问卷调查。本研究共纳入台州地区59例护士，年龄30（5）岁，最大40岁，最小23岁，20～30岁39例，31～40岁20例；护龄9（7）年，最长20年，最短1年，3年以下14例，4～10年28例，11～15年10例，16～20年7例；……