解密推断套路，武装最强大脑

在全国各省（区、市）的高考英语试题中，阅读理解的分值普遍为40分。其中，推理判断题一般占12分左右。推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面信息的基础上做出合理的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义及深层含义。因此该题型是阅读理解中的高难度题，是考生失分较多的题目。

套路一：攻克深层推理题

深层推理题属于推理判断题中难度稍小的题型，要求考生能根据文章内容推断出具体的细节，如人物之间的关系、原因、事件，等等。做题时，考生需遵循以下几个原则：（1）忠于原文，以文中的信息为依据，做到有理有据，绝不可主观臆断，对文中没有的信息做出推断。（2）文中的原句只能是细节题的答案，不能表示推理后得出的结论。（3）要对文章的表层信息进行合乎逻辑的推理，不能无限推测。（4）善于揣摩作者的思路，尽可能与作者的思路相吻合。

该题型常见的表达方式为：（1）What can be inf- erred from the …paragraph？（2）What can we learn from the …paragraph？（3）What does the … sentence of the passage imply？ （4）Why did the author mention… The author uses the examples of… to show that…（5）What do we know about… We learn from Paragraph 5 that… （6） It can be inferred/concluded/implied/seen from the passage that…

例1（2016年全国新课标卷I阅读理解C）I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence， Rhode Island， and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence， the lady on the desk said， “well， Im really sorry， Ive got some bad news for you — there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said， “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient — please， please， youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me， re-routed（改道） me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. （Para.2）

Which flight did the woman put Peter on first？

A. To London B. To Newark

C. To Providence D. To Washington

【解析】B。根据第二段最后一句“She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me， re-routed（改道）me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled”可知，由于没有从华盛顿到伦敦的直达班机，这位女士就安排航班改道从Newark出发，最后比原计划提早到达，故选B。

例2（2016年全国新课标卷Ⅲ阅读理解D）“The ‘if it bleedsrule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger， a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends， you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”（Para.2）

What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer？

A. Theyre socially inactive

B. Theyre good at telling stories

C. Theyre inconsiderate of others

D. Theyre careful with their words

【解析】C。根據第二段第二个双引号内的第一句“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling”可推知，他们不在意其他人的感受，故选C。

套路二：強化预测想象推理题

有些题目要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。考生做此类题时，把握作者的写作思路是关键，如文章可能按事件发展的经过来描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述。……