何虎翼 谭冠宁 何新民 唐洲萍 杨鑫 李丽淑



摘 要 为提高红肉火龙果间种马铃薯经济效益,研究红肉火龙果间种马铃薯中不同栽培模式对马铃薯产量、商品薯率、火龙果产量、中心可溶性固形物含量、总产值和纯收入的影响。结果表明:与火龙果桂香红间种的马铃薯品种兴佳2号产量达36 139.5 kg/hm2,商品薯率达97.3%;桂香红产量达35 586 kg/hm2,中心可溶性固形物含量达20%;与桂香红纯种相比,总产值增加52.7%,纯收入增加109.7%,土地当量比为1.13。
关键词 红肉火龙果;马铃薯;间种;栽培模式;经济效益
中图分类号 S667.9 文献标识码 A
Abstract In order to improve the economic benefit of red flesh pitaya intercropping with potato, the effects of different cropping patterns on potato yield,marketable tuber ratio, pitaya yield, central soluble solid content, total output value, and net income during red flesh pitaya intercropping with potato were studied. The results showed that the total output value was the highest and the economic benefit was the best in red flesh pitaya Guixianghong intercropping with potato variety Xingjia No.2. The yield of Xingjia No.2 reached 36 139.5 kg/hm2 and marketable tuber ratio reached 97.3%,while the yield of Guixianghong was 35 586 kg/hm2 and central soluble solid content was 20%. Compared with Guixianghong sole cropping,the total output value of Guixianghong intercroppong with Xingjia No.2 increased 52.7%, net income increased 109.7%, and land equivalent ratio reached 1.13.
Key words red flesh pitaya; potato; intercropping; cropping patterns; economic benefit
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2017.03.015
馬铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)是我国第四大粮食作物,营养丰富,发展马铃薯产业对确保国家粮食安全、促进农民增收具有重要意义。广西是典型的马铃薯冬作区,常年种植面积在6.5万hm2左右,市场效益较好,但单产水平偏低,特别是近年来生产面积呈下降趋势[1]。为了大面积发展冬种马铃薯生产,广西农业部门加快推进“千万亩间(套)种行动计划”,科学集约栽培促进钱粮双增。广西素有“八山一水一分田”之称,人均耕地少,发展作物间(套)种可以充分利用太阳光能,提高土地复种指数,保障马铃薯市场供应。
火龙果(Hylocereus undatus)是仙人掌科量天尺属多年生植物,原产中美洲沙漠地区。一般实行设施栽培,火龙果植后12~14个月即可开花,5~11月为产果期,第3年进入盛果期[2]。为提高土地、设施等资源利用率,解决果园工人的农闲用工问题,增加经济收入,许多地方开展了火龙果间作套种方面研究。2004年,江苏徐建维等[3]总结了大棚火龙果套种四季豆栽培技术。……