乐观勇敢逆境求生
——《鲁滨逊漂流记》简介

文/余洁

乐观勇敢逆境求生
——《鲁滨逊漂流记》简介

文/余洁

责任编辑：李丁文

◆原作节选◆

Part 1

I was born in the year 1632,in the city of York,of a good family,though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen,who settled first at Hull.He got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade,lived afterwards at York, fromwhencehehadmarriedmymother,whose relations were named Robinson,a very good family inthatcountry,andfromwhomIwascalled Robinson Kreutznaer；but,by the usual corruption of words in England,we are now called-nay we call ourselves and write our name–Crusoe；and so my companions always called me.

I had two elder brothers,one of whom was lieutenant-colonel to an English regiment of foot in Flanders,formerly commanded by the famous Colonel Lockhart,and was killed at the battle near Dunkirk against the Spaniards.What became of my secondbrother I never knew,any more than my father or mother knew what became of me.

Being the third son of the family and not bred to any trade,my head began to be filled very early with rambling thoughts.My father,who was very ancient,had given me a competent share of learning, as far as house-education and a country free school generally go,and designed me for the law；but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea；and my inclination to this led me so strongly against thewill,nay,thecommandsofmyfather,and againstalltheentreatiesandpersuasionsofmy mother and other friends,that there seemed to be something fatal in that propensity of nature,tending directly to the life of misery which was to befall me.

My father,a wise and grave man,gave me seriousandexcellentcounselagainstwhathe foresaw was my design.He called me one morning into his chamber,where he was confined by the gout,and expostulated very warmly with me upon this subject.He asked me what reasons,more than amerewanderinginclination,Ihadforleaving father’s house and my native country,where I might be well introduced,and had a prospect of raising my fortune by application and industry,with a life of ease and pleasure.He told me it was men of desperatefortunesononehand,orofaspiring, superiorfortunesontheother,whowentabroad upon adventures,to rise by enterprise,and make themselves famous in undertakings of a nature out of the common road；that these things were all either too far above me or too far below me;that mine was the middle state,or what might be called the upper station of low life,which he had found,by long experience,was the best state in the world,the most suited to human happiness,not exposed to the miseries and hardships,the labour and sufferings of the mechanic part of mankind,and not embarrassedwith the pride,luxury,ambition,and envy of the upper part of mankind.He told me I might judge of the happiness of this state by this one thing-viz, that this was the state of life which all other people envied;thatkingshavefrequentlylamentedthe miserable consequence of being born to great things, and wished they had been placed in the middle of the two extremes,between the mean and the great; that the wise man gave his testimony to this,as the standard of felicity,when he prayed to have neither poverty nor riches.

第1章

1632年，我生在约克市一个上流社会的家庭。我们不是本地人。父亲是德国不来梅市人。他移居英国后，先住在赫尔市，经商发家后就收了生意，最后搬到约克市定居，并在那儿娶了我母亲。母亲娘家姓鲁滨逊，是当地的名门望族，因而给我取名叫鲁滨逊·克罗伊茨内。由于英国人一读“克罗伊茨内”这个德国姓，发音就走样，结果大家就叫我们“克罗索”，以至连我们自己也这么叫，这么写了。所以，我的朋友们都叫我克罗索。

我有两个哥哥。大哥是驻佛兰德的英国步兵团中校。著名的洛克哈特上校曾带领过这支部队。大哥是在敦刻尔克附近与西班牙人作战时阵亡的。至于二哥的下落，我至今一无所知，就像我父母对我后来的境况也全然不知一样。

我是家里的小儿子，父母亲没让我学谋生的手艺，因此从小只是喜欢胡思乱想，一心想出洋远游。当时，我父亲年事已高，但他还是让我受了相当不错的教育。他曾送我去寄宿学校就读，还让我上免费学校接受乡村义务教育，一心一意想要我将来学法律。但我对一切都没有兴趣，只是想航海。我完全不顾父愿，甚至违抗父命，也全然不听母亲的恳求和朋友们的劝阻。我的这种天性，似乎注定了我未来不幸的命运。

我父亲头脑聪明，为人谨慎。他预见到我的意图必然会给我带来不幸，就时常严肃地教导我，并给了我不少有益的忠告。……