滤料浮床面积对水产养殖水体的原位修复效果

高亚男　刘雪梅　王芳

摘要：构建了适用于水产养殖水体原位修复的滤料浮床生态调控系统，考察了不同床水比（浮床面积与水体面积比）条件下的水产养殖水体原位修复效果。结果表明，当床水比为1∶10时，试验周期内的化学需氧量（CODMn）、NH3-N和溶解氧（DO）分别维持在20、0.07和6.5 mg/L左右，鱼苗的成活率和增重率比无浮床系统分别提高了13%和25%；床水比为1∶15时，净化能力不足，水质指标逐渐恶化；床水比为1∶5时，布水装置启动频繁，减缓鱼苗的生长速度。

关键词：滤料浮床；养殖水体；床水面积比；原位修复

中图分类号：S959；X703.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）11-2052-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.013

Abstracts： A kind of ecological regulation and control system of floating bed used for in-situ remediation for aquaculture water body was constructed. The effects of in situ remediation under conditions with different bed and water ratio were investigated. The results showed that，when the area of bed and water ratio was 1∶10，CODMn，NH3-N and DO were maintained at 20 mg/L，0.07 mg/L and 6.5 mg/L respectively in the experimental period. Compared with non floating bed system，the survival rate and the growth rate of fries in floating bed system increased by 13% and 25% respectively. When the area of bed and water ratio was 1∶15，the purification capacity was insufficient，and the water quality was gradually deteriorated. When the area of bed and water ratio was 1∶5，the water distribution device was frequently started， and the growth rate of fries was slowed down.

Key words： filter material floating bed； aquaculture water； the area of bed and water ratio； in-situ remediation

濾料浮床是一种以悬浮滤料为核心、有机集成滤料吸附过滤、生物挂膜、植物吸收和水体增氧等多种功能于一体的水产养殖水体联合修复技术[1]。相比于高能耗、高投入的工厂化循环水养殖方法[2-5]，原位修复技术具有费用低、易维护、不产生二次污染、不危害养殖功能等诸多优点[6-8]，将其用于水产养殖水体的生态调控既可节约水资源，又可减少水污染，并且还可以提高养殖水体生态系统的稳定性[9]。滤料浮床技术应用过程中，床体规模大小直接决定了微生物负载量、净水植物种植面积以及布水流量，对于水体修复效果起着至关重要的作用，因而是最核心的设计参数。本研究重点考察了不同床水比（浮床面积与水体面积比）下的水产养殖水体水质指标以及鱼苗生长指标，获得了最优床水比设计参数，为技术的具体实施提供了基础支撑。……