孙厚俊+赵永强+徐振
摘要:为筛选高效、低毒的甘薯茎线虫防治药剂,在大田测试了6个药剂的防治效果。结果表明,三唑磷微胶囊剂对甘薯茎线虫防治效果达83.51%,增产率為54.82%,投入产出比最高,为12.6,可替代高毒农药苯线磷在生产上防治甘薯茎线虫病,具有较好的推广应用前景。
关键词:甘薯;茎线虫病;防治效果
中图分类号:S433 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)11-2068-02
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.11.017
Abstract: For the screening of high-efficient and low-toxic pesticides to control sweetpotato stem-nematode, a field experiment for the control effects of six kinds of pesticides was conducted. The results showed that, the triazophos micro capsules had the control efficacy of 83.51% against sweet potato stem-nematode, with the yield increasing rate of 54.82% and the highest input-output ratio(12.6), so it would effectively control sweet potato stem-nematode instead of highly toxic fenamiphos in agricultural production, and have the good promotion and application prospect.
Key words: sweet potato; stem-nematode disease; control effect
甘薯茎线虫是一类非常重要的植物病原线虫, 可侵染甘薯、马铃薯、豌豆、花生等作物。该线虫侵入甘薯后,背食道腺分泌果胶酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶等使甘薯细胞崩溃,组织腐烂,伴随着的其他真菌和细菌加剧危害,常形成糠心或龟裂,使甘薯失去食用价值[1,2]。作为中国北方薯区的主要病害,一般发病田块减产20%~50%,重病田块甚至绝产无收[3]。单独采用清除病残体、轮作换茬、培育无病薯苗等农业防治措施难以达到理想的效果,且实际操作比较困难。因此采用化学防治方法仍是主要的防治手段。但由于线虫繁殖力及环境适应性都很强,对其高活性的药剂品种又很少,目前广泛应用于线虫防治的涕灭威、克百威、灭线磷、甲基异柳磷及苯线磷等都因存在环境及安全问题已经或即将面临淘汰[4-7],所以,寻找替代传统杀线剂的工作迫在眉睫。本研究以甘薯茎线虫病作为对象,以苯线磷为对照药剂,选用了几种对环境压力相对较小的农药,测定了田间的防治效果,以期为替代高毒、高残留杀线剂提供指导。
1 材料与方法……p>