右美托咪定与利多卡因对颅内肿瘤切除术患者全麻诱导期血流动力学的影响的比较

2017-07-13 23:22:35王东周美霞
中外医疗 2017年15期

王东+周美霞

[摘要] 目的 比較右美托咪定与利多卡因对颅内肿瘤切除术患者全麻诱导期血流动力学的影响。 方法 方便选择2016年1—12月在包头医学院第一附属医院全麻下行择期颅内肿瘤切除术的60例患者(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级),将其随机分为3组(n=20):右美托咪定组(D组),利多卡因组(L组);对照组(C 组),分别记录三组入室时基础值(T0),诱导前(T1),气管插管即刻(T2)、插管后1 min(T3)、3 min(T4)、5 min(T5)6个时点平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR)的变化。 结果 MAP在D组的T1(70.1±2.8)、T2(75.3±2.4)T3(72.9±2.40)与L组的T1(74.4±2.9)、T2(81±2.9)、T3(78.1±2.3)以及C组的T1(95.7±2.6)、T2(103±3.1)、T3(89.3±2.9)3个时点相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HR在D组的T1(63.1±2.7)、T2(72.1±2.1)、T3(71±2.7)与L组T1(66±3.4)、T2(74.7±2.3)、T3(73.8±3.0)以及C组T1(82.7±3.1)、T2(87.2±2.6)、T3(79.7±.2.7)3个时点相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); MAP在D组的T1(70.1±2.8)、T2(75.3±2.4)T3(72.9±2.40)与L组的T1(74.4±2.9)、T2(81±2.9)、T3(78.1±2.3) 3个时点相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HR在D组的T1(63.1±2.7)、T2(72.1±2.1)、T3(71±2.7)与L组T1(66±3.4)、T2(74.7±2.3)、T3(73.8±3.0) 3个时点相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 右美托咪定和利多卡因都可有效减少行颅内肿瘤切除术患者麻醉诱导期对血流动力学引起的变化,相对于利多卡因,右美托咪定的作用效果更好。

[关键词] 右美托咪定;利多卡因;颅内肿瘤切除术;麻醉诱导期;血流动力学

[中图分类号] R4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)05(c)-0153-04

[Abstract] Objective To compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine on the hemodynamics of patients with excision of intracranial tumor during the induction period of general anesthesia. Methods Convenient selection 60 cases of patients with selective excision of intracranial tumor in our hospital(ASAⅠ-Ⅱ) from January 2016 to December 2016 were selected and divided into three groups with 20 cases in each, respectively Dexmedetomidine group(D group), lidocaine group (L group) and control group (C group), and the basic values at admission(T0)and changes of MAP and HR before induction (T1), at intubation (T2), in 1 min (T3), 3 min (T4) and 5 min (T5)after intubation were respectively recorded. Results The differences in the MAP at T1, T2 and T3 between the group D, group L and group C were statistically significant[(70.1±2.8), (75.3±2.4), (72.9±2.40) vs (74.4±2.9), (81±2.9), (78.1±2.3) vs (95.7±2.6), (103±3.1), (89.3±2.9)](P<0.05), and the HR at T1, T2 and T3 between the group D, group L and group C were statistically significant[1(63.1±2.7), (72.1±2.1), (71±2.7) vs (66±3.4), (74.7±2.3), (73.8±3.0) vs (82.7±3.1), (87.2±2.6), (79.7±.2.7)], and the MAP at T1, T2 and T3 between the group D and group L were statistically significant, [(70.1±2.8), (75.3±2.4), (72.9±2.40) vs (74.4±2.9), (81±2.9), (78.1±2.3)], and the HR at T1, T2 and T3 between the group D and group L were statistically significant, [(63.1±2.7), (72.1±2.1), (71±2.7) vs (66±3.4), (74.7±2.3), (73.8±3.0)](P<0.05). Conclusion The dexmedetomidine and lidocaine can effectively reduce the changes caused by the hemodynamics of patients with excision of intracranial tumor during the induction period of general anesthesia, and the effect of dexmedetomidine is better than that of lidocaine.

[Key words] Dexmedetomidine; Lidocaine; Excision of intracranial tumor; During the induction period of general anesthesia; Hemodynamics

颅内肿瘤一般都伴有颅内压增高,进而引起血压增高,容易出现严重的心脏和或脑的并发症。全麻气管插管时易出现血压升高,心率增快等不良反应,因此对于颅内肿瘤切除术患者的全麻插管期间更易导致血流动力学的巨大变化而引起严重的并发症。该实验通过对2016年1—12月期间行择期颅内肿瘤切除术的60例患者的研究,比较右美托咪定和利多卡因对于颅内肿瘤切除术患者全麻插管期血流动力学的影响,为右美托咪定和利多卡因在颅内肿瘤患者的应用提供临床参考,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

方便选择择期行颅内肿瘤切除术患者60例,年龄45~72 岁,体重50~70 kg,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ,所有患者无心血管病史,无肝肾功能异常,麻醉诱导前未使用任何镇静镇痛药物。 随机分为右美托咪定组、利多卡因组和对照组,每组20例,3组患者的年龄、体重、性别、ASA评估差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。……

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