不同栽培技术对铁棍山药生长及产量的影响

赵晓美 周思菊 孙玉勇 雷裕华 叶小荣 黄春红 莫毅君

摘要[目的]研究不同栽培技术对铁棍山药生长和产量的影响。[方法]以河南温县的铁棍山药为材料，研究不同种植密度、不同施肥量及搭架与无架栽培对铁棍山药生产和产量的影响。[结果]最佳的种植密度为150 075株/hm2，铁棍山药产量最高，为16 152.60 kg/hm2，商品率为69.96%。施用750 kg/hm2复合肥，单重、长度、直径均高于其他处理；施用1 500 kg/hm2复合肥，产量最高，为8 405.40 kg/hm2，但与施用750 kg/hm2复合肥的产量差异不显著。搭架栽培比不搭架栽培产量增加27.42%，但增收不显著。[结论]铁棍山药在桂林地区生态环境下具有良好的适应性和推广价值。

关键词铁棍山药；种植密度；肥料浓度；搭架；生长；产量

中图分类号S632.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）17-0113-03

Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of different cultivation techniques on growth and yield of iron stick yam.[Method]Using iron stick yam of Henan Wenxian as the experiment material， the effects of different planting density， different fertilization concentration and humping support and no humping support cultivation on the production and yield of iron stick yam were studied.[Result]The optimum planting density was 150 075 plants per hm2，the yield of iron stick yam was the highest（16 152.60 kg/hm2），the commodity rate was 69.96%.The single weight， length， diameter of the treatment of 750kg/hm2compound fertilizer were higher than other treatment；but the yield of the treatment of 1 500 kg/hm2 compound fertilizerwas the highest，which was 8405.40kg/hm2，but there was no significant difference with the application of 750 kg/hm2 compound fertilizer.The yield of humping support cultivation increased 27.42% than that of no humping support cultivation，butthe increase was not significant.[Conclusion]Iron stick yam has good adaptability and promotion value under Guilin provincial ecological condition.

Key wordsIron stick yam；Planting density；Fertilization concentration；Humping support；Growth；Yield

基金項目广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目（2015YH23）；广西科学与技术开发计划（桂科能1598022-1-3）。

作者简介赵晓美（1986—），女，河南临颍人，农艺师，硕士，从事蔬菜栽培技术研究。

收稿日期2017-04-07

山药又称薯蓣，是薯蕷科薯蓣属一年生或多年生缠绕性藤本植物[1]，产品器官为块茎。山药属于四大怀药（怀山药、怀地黄、怀牛膝、怀菊花），具有补脾养胃、补肺益肾的功效，一直是养生保健、药食兼用的佳品。河南焦作地区南部数县（温县、武陟、沁阳等古怀庆府地区）出产的山药量大而质优，历来被视为山药的道地产区，特称为“怀山药”。铁棍山药是怀山药中的精品，药用价值最高、滋补作用最佳。铁棍山药上有像铁锈一样的痕迹，故得名“铁棍山药”。铁棍山药富含山药碱、淀粉、皂苷、糖蛋白、氨基酸、多酚氧化酶等，还有多种微量元素，经济价值高于普通山药[2]。……