张学超+徐麟+常文静+任海龙+唐式敏+巴黑提亚


摘 要:为研究不同种植密度对橡胶草农艺性状及产量的影响,确定伊犁河谷移栽橡胶草最佳种植密度,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,研究6种移栽密度条件下,橡胶草农艺性状和产量的表现。结果表明,随着种植密度的减小,橡胶草单株农艺性状基本呈现增加趋势,当密度达30 cm×30 cm后,增幅减小;单株产量性状也基本呈增加趋势,30 cm×30 cm、30 cm×40 cm、40 cm×40 cm处理显著高于其他高密度处理;群体产量性状以20 cm×20 cm和30 cm×30 cm处理较高。综合各农艺和产量性状,在伊犁河谷,移栽橡胶草最佳种植密度为11.1×104株/hm 株行距配置为30 cm×30 cm。
关键词:种植密度;橡胶草;农艺性状;产量;伊犁
中图分类号:S576.01文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2016)12-0083-03
Abstract In order to study the effects of different planting densities on the agronomic characters and yield of Taraxacum kok-saghyz and determine the best planting density of transplanted koksaphyz in the Ili River Valley, the performance of agronomic characters and yield under six different transplanting densities were surveyed using randomized block design. The results showed that with the decrease of planting density, the indices of single plant agronomic characters presented increasing trends. And when the planting density was lower than 30 cm×30 cm, the increase amplitude diminished. The yield per plant increased with the decrease of planting density, and the yields of treatments of 30 cm×30 cm, 30 cm×40 cm and 40 cm×40 cm were significantly higher than those of high density treatments. The population yields of 20 cm×20 cm and 30 cm×30 cm treatment were higher. Comprehensively considering the agronomic characters and yield, the best planting density of koksaphyz was 11.1×104 plants per hectare and the optimum planting spacing was 30 cm×30 cm in the Ili River Valley.
Keywords Planting density;Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin;Agronomic traits;Yield; Ili
橡胶草(Taraxacum koksaghyz Rodin, TKS)为菊科蒲公英属多年生草本植物,喜冷凉气候,生于河漫滩草甸、盐碱化草甸、农田水渠边,植物学特征和普通蒲公英相似,但其根中含20%以上的橡胶,而普通蒲公英含量极低。从橡胶草根部提取的橡胶与巴西橡胶的结构和性能相似,播种当年即可收获提取橡胶,产胶周期较短,是极有发展前途的产胶植物。
1931年,前苏联首次在哈萨克斯坦天山一带发现了橡胶草并对其正式命名[1]。1950年在我国新疆境内也发现了大量的野生种。我国对于橡胶草的研究始于20世纪50年代初,罗士苇等对橡胶草的栽培、优选、根的处理及橡胶的提取等进行了较为全面的归纳总结[2,5-8]。在之后的半个多世纪中,由于对橡胶草利用价值认识不足,相关研究进入了停滞期。……