农业生产环境监测无线传感器网络路由算法研究

郑纪业+封文杰+王风云+刘延忠

摘 要：无线传感器网络以其低成本、低功耗、高可靠、自组织等特点，在农业生产环境监控中发挥着重要作用。针对无线传感器网络分簇结构中簇头节点能量消耗过快导致网络分割问题，提出了一种适用于农业生产环境监测的基于事件驱动的能量高效分簇路由算法。网络中所有节点部署完毕后即进入休眠状态，当环境中某个监测数值高于设定阈值时，感知范围内的节点被唤醒并启动事件响应分簇机制。在簇成立阶段，随机选择一个节点elector广播请求分簇消息，并接受其他唤醒节点的响应，elector根据各节点能量情况，选择剩余能量最大的节点作为簇头节点，能量次之的为下一轮elector；在数据传输阶段，根据节点剩余能量及到基站（BS）的距离选择转发节点。仿真实验结果表明，该路由协议减少了簇成员之间的通信开销，使得网络中各节点的能量消耗更加均衡， 有效延长了传感器网络的生命周期。

关键词：无线传感器网络；路由算法；事件驱动；分簇；OMNET++仿真软件

中图分类号：S126文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）12-0156-06

Abstract With the characteristics of low cost， low power consumption， high reliability and self-organization， wireless sensor networks （WSNs） play important roles in the agricultural production environment monitoring. Aiming at the problem of cluster head nodes consuming energy so fast to lead the network segmented into parts， we put forward an event driven and energy efficient clustering routing algorithm for agricultural production environment monitoring. All nodes go to sleep mode after the network deployment， when the monitored parameters value higher than the setting threshold， the nodes within the scope are awakened and start the incident response clustering mechanism. At the cluster set up phase， randomly select a node as elector to broadcast request clustering message， and accept the other sensor nodes response， according to each node energy situation， elector choose node with the maximum residual energy as a cluster head， and choose node with second highest energy for the next round elector. In data transmission phase， the relay nodes were selected on the basis of the residual energy of nodes and the distance to the base station （BS）. The simulation experimental results showed that the proposed protocol could reduce the communication overhead between the cluster members， effectively balance the energy consumption of each node in the network， and significantly prolong the survival time of the network.

Keywords Wireless sensor network； Routing protocol； Event driven； Clustering； OMNET++simulate software

农业信息的精准获取是农业生产环境调控的基础，面对复杂的农业生产环境及庞大的数据监测量，传统的农业信息获取方式已无法满足现实需要。随着微电子工艺和无线射频技术的飞速发展，无线传感器网络的研究越来越受到人们的重视。传感器网络是由部署在观测环境内的大量微型传感器节点通过无线通信方式组成的一种无线网络[1]。……