宋国春+李瑞娟+刘同金+杨万海+于建垒



摘 要:通过田间试验和室内检测,研究了溴氰菊酯在油麦菜及土壤中的残留动态及最终残留。结果表明:溴氰菊酯在油麦菜中的半衰期为2.6~2.9 d,药后14 d消解96%以上。溴氰菊酯在土壤中的半衰期为7.5~8.2 d,药后14 d消解73%以上。25 g/L溴氰菊酯乳油18.75、28.125 g a.i./hm 施药3~4次,末次施药后5 d收获的油麦菜中溴氰菊酯残留量均低于0.5 mg/kg。推荐该药在油麦菜上的安全间隔期为5 d。
关键词:溴氰菊酯;油麦菜;土壤;残留动态;安全性
中图分类号:S482.3+5文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2016)12-0146-05
Abstract In order to explore the residual properties and safety of deltamethrin in leaf lettuce, the field experiment and laboratory test were conducted to reveal the residual degradation dynamics and final residues of deltamethrin in leaf lettuce and soil. The results showed that the half-life of deltamethrin in leaf lettuce and soil was 2.6~2.9 d and 7.5~8.2 d respectively, and the residue degradation rate in leaf lettuce and soil after application for 14 days was above 96% and 73% respectively. When the leaf lettuce was sprayed 3~4 times with 25 g/L deltamethrin EC of 18.75 g a.i./hm2 and 28.125 g a.i./hm the residual quantity in harvested leaf lettuce was lower than 0.5 mg/kg after the last application for 5 days. It was demonstrated that the preharvest interval of deltamethrin on leaf lettuce was 5 days.
Keywords Deltamethrin; Leaf lettuce; Soil; Residue dynamics; Safety
溴氰菊酯(deltamethrin)是一种目前广泛应用的拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂, 其化学名称为右旋-顺式-2,2-二甲基-3-(2,2-二溴乙烯基)环丙烷羧酸-(S)-α-氰基-3-苯氧基苄酯。溴氰菊酯以触杀、胃毒为主,对害虫有一定驱避与拒食作用,杀虫谱广,击倒速度快,尤其对鳞翅目幼虫及蚜虫杀伤力大,其作用部位在神经系统,为神经毒剂,使昆虫过度兴奋、麻痹而死。自然条件下对鱼无毒。溴氰菊酯在我国登记作物有谷子、小麦、玉米、棉花、油菜、大豆、花生、甘蓝、小白菜、小油菜、大白菜、柑橘、苹果、梨、荔枝、茶等。
高维恒等[1]用气相色谱法研究了溴氰菊酯在花椰菜中的残留规律,李满秀等[2]报道了蔬菜中溴氰菊酯残留量的荧光光度法测定方法。我国关于溴氰菊酯在油麦菜中的残留消解动态及最终残留研究未见报道。本试验采用气相色谱-质谱法,研究油麦菜及土壤中溴氰菊酯的残留消解变化趋势及收获期残留量,为溴氰菊酯在油麦菜上的安全合理使用及制定溴氰菊酯在油麦菜上的最大残留限量国家标准提供科学依据。……