几种水稻专用配方肥在鄂中地区的施用效果评价

李凯旭+鲁明星+徐维明+高雅琴+潘琴+杨于雄+侯文峰+李小坤

摘要：通过田间试验评价了几种水稻专用配方肥及其配套施肥技术对水稻生长、产量、养分吸收、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响。结果表明，施肥可提高水稻的产量和经济效益，与习惯推荐处理相比，推荐用量试验中，配方肥2（N-P2O5-K2O为22-6-12）、配方肥4（N-P2O5-K2O为20-9-16）分别增产5.9%、4.4%，纯收入、产投比明显高于其他处理，对应配方及施肥技术较为合理。等氮用量试验中，配方肥1（N-P2O5-K2O为20-12-14）和配方肥6（N-P2O5-K2O为20-0-10）在施肥量降低的同时维持了高产，提高了经济效益；配方肥3（N-P2O5-K2O为20-8-15）和配方肥5（N-P2O5-K2O为20-10-12）的施肥量减少，产量及经济效益均有所降低。综合来看，水稻专用配方肥2和配方肥4的配方及推荐施肥技术均较合理，配方肥1应适当减少施肥量，配方肥3和配方肥5可通过增加施肥量或优化配方来提高其肥效，配方肥6建议适当添加磷肥的同时降低钾肥比例。

关键词：水稻；专用配方肥；产量；肥料利用率；经济效益

中图分类号：S511 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）14-2652-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.013

Abstract： Field trials were conducted to study the effects of several rice special formula fertilizer and corresponding fertilization technology on rice growth， yield， nutrient uptake， fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits. The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the yield of rice and economic benefit. Compared with that of the experience recommended fertilization（ERF） treatment， the yield of rice special fertilizer（RSF） 2（N-P2O5-K2O，22-6-12）， 4（N-P2O5-K2O，20-9-16） treatment were increased by 5.9%， 4.4%. Net income and benefit cost ratio were also significantly higher than that of other treatments indicating that the formula and fertilization technology was reasonable. In the equivalent nitrogen fertilizer experiment， the output of RSF 1（N-P2O5-K2O，20-12-14） and 6（N-P2O5-K2O，20-0-10） treatments remained stable and the economic benefit was increased although the amount of fertilization decreased. The yield and economic benefit were decreased for RSF 3（N-P2O5-K2O，20-8-15），5（N-P2O5-K2O，20-10-12） because of the decrease of fertilizer application amount. Overall， formula and recommended fertilization technology of the RSF 2 and 4 were more reasonable. Fertilization amount of RSF 1 could be reduced properly. Fertilization amount of RSF 3 and 5 could be increased to improve the effects. For RSF 6， phosphate fertilizer should be increased and potash fertilizer should be reduced at the same time appropriately.

Key words： rice； special formula fertilizer； yield； fertilizer use efficiency； economic benefit

湖北省是中國水稻生产大省之一，种植面积占粮食总面积的50%左右，稻谷产量占粮食产量的70%左右，湖北水稻生产的发展对于保障中国粮食安全具有十分重要的意义[1-3]。肥料是作物增产增收最基本的物质保障[4]。目前，湖北省水稻施肥主要存在的问题包括前期氮肥用量过大，磷钾肥用量不足，有机肥施用少等[2-5]。测土配方施肥技术的应用调节了作物需肥与土壤供肥之间的矛盾，实现了各种养分的平衡供应，有效解决了生产实践中的施肥问题[6]。……