佀国涵+刘岱松+魏小慧+饶雄飞+苗春雨+张凯+刘耀



摘要:以鄂西北具有代表性的区域——十堰市作为研究对象,通过分析2011年采集于十堰市主产烟区549份土壤样品的养分指标,并与2001年相关数据进行比较,研究鄂西北植烟土壤养分现状及演变趋势。结果表明,十堰市植烟土壤平均pH为6.4±1.0,属于弱酸性范围;土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为(18.7±7.9) g/kg、(1.7±0.7) g/kg、(114.6±35.4) mg/kg、(36.8±29.0) mg/kg和(162.3±84.0) mg/kg。2001~2011年,十堰市植烟土壤pH已由以中性至碱性为主演变为以弱酸性至中性为主,土壤酸化趋势十分明显。相对于2001年,2011年十堰市植烟土壤的有机质变化不大,但土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均有不同程度的提高,且以土壤速效磷和速效钾的提高幅度较大,其中土壤速效磷>40.0 mg/kg和土壤速效钾>150.0 mg/kg的样点占比较2001年分别提高了36.6和27.6个百分点。鄂西北植烟土壤养分演变趋势与其他农作物土壤养分的变化趋势有所不同,这主要与烟草施肥密切相关。
关键词:植烟土壤;土壤养分;演变趋势;十堰市
中图分类号:S158.3;S572 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)14-2661-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.015
Abstract: Taking Shiyan city as a typical region,the present status and variation trends of tobacco-planting soil nutrients in northwestern region of Hubei province were studied. The nutrient indexes of 549 soil samples collected in Shiyan city tobacco fields in 2011 were analyzed,and the results were compared with the related data in 2001. The results indicated that present soil pH in Shiyan city tobacco fields were 6.4±1.0 on average,belonging to the weak acid range. The content of soil organic matter (OM),total nitrogen (N),available N,available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) were (18.7±7.9) g/kg,(1.7±0.7) g/kg,(114.6±35.4) mg/kg,(36.8±29.0) mg/kg,(162.3±84.0) mg/kg,respectively. The soil pH was mainly changed from neutral-alkaline to weak acid-neutral,which indicated the trend of acidification in tobacco-planting soil was very obvious during 2001~2011. Compared with the data in 2001,soil OM content in 2011 changed little,but the content of soil total N,available N,available P and available K in 2011 increased to varying degrees,and sample percentages of soil available P in range of >40.0 mg/kg and soil available K in range of >150.0 mg/kg in 2011 were increased by 36.6 and 27.6 percentage points. The variation trends of tobacco-planting soil nutrients in northwestern region of Hubei province was to some extent different from that of other crop soil,which was closely related to the fertilization status on tobacco.
Key words: tobacco-planting soil; soil nutrient; evolution trend; Shiyan city
土壤肥力是土壤属性的综合表现,反映了土壤在植物生长全过程中供应和协调营养及环境条件的能力[1],植烟土壤肥力是土壤为烤烟生长供应和协调养分、水分、空气及热量的能力,是土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的综合反映[2,3]。土壤养分状况是土壤肥力的基础,其丰缺状况和供应强度与烟草的产量、品质及风味有着密切的关系[4]。科学、准确地评价植烟土壤肥力状况,对利用植烟土壤资源、改善土壤肥力状况、调节土壤养分供给、指导烤烟合理施肥、促进烤烟可持续健康发展具有重要意义[5]。……p>