不同栽培方式对柑橘产量和品质的影响

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摘要：以温州蜜柑（Citrus unshiu Marc.）为材料，比较不同栽培方式对柑橘产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明，起垄、覆膜、起垄+覆膜处理的果实可滴定酸含量显著高于对照（常规栽培方式），并且起垄+覆膜处理的可滴定酸含量高于覆膜和起垄单一处理；起垄、覆膜、起垄+覆膜处理的果实可溶性固形物含量也显著高于对照；起垄、起垄+覆膜处理的果实维生素C含量高于对照；起垄、覆膜、起垄+覆膜处理的果实果形指数优于对照；起垄、起垄+覆膜处理的产量显著高于覆膜处理和对照。综合来看，起垄+覆膜处理使起垄、覆膜两种栽培方式互相补充，对柑橘果实品质和产量的促进作用增强，降低了不利影响，因此建议生产上起垄、覆膜两种方式结合应用，以提升柑橘品质、提高柑橘产量。

关键词：柑橘；起垄；覆膜；产量；品质

中图分类号：S566.2+6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）14-2682-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.021

Abstract： The effect of different cultivation methods on citrus yield and quality were studied using Citrus unshiu Marc. as material. The results show that the fruit titratable acid content of ridging， film mulching， ridging + film mulching treatment was significantly higher than the control（conventional cultivation）； and the titratable acid content of ridging + film mulching treatment is higher than the single treatment of film mulching or ridge. The fruit soluble solids content of ridging， film mulching， ridging + film mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of control. The vitamin C content in fruit of ridging， ridging + film mulching treatment was higher than that of control. The fruit shape index of ridging， film mulching and ridging + film mulching treatment is better than that of control. The yield of ridging， ridging + film mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of film treatment and control. Overall， ridging + film mulching treatment make complement of the two cultivation methods of ridging and film mulching to enhance the fruit quality and yield， reduce the adverse effect. Therefore， it is recommended making combination use of ridging and film mulching to improve the quality and yield of citrus.

Key words： citrus； ridging； film mulching； yield； quality

湖北省宜昌市是國家农业部划定的柑橘优势产业带地区，种植面积居湖北省第一，是湖北省柑橘产区的核心区。但是近年来，由于栽培管理不当，加上平原地区土壤排水不良导致土壤通透性下降，使柑橘产量和品质下降的问题趋于严重和普遍。有研究表明，起垄可以改善根系空间环境，促进根系发育[1-3]；地表覆膜技术能够有效调节果树的光照条件，增加光量，促进树干中、下部提升光合作用强度，增加叶绿素含量，促进干物质积累，提高果实糖度、改善品质[4]。……