多孔膜袋水力特性研究

2017-08-22 02:57:31张泽中王国辉王盈盈齐青青李彦彬
湖北农业科学 2017年14期

张泽中+王国辉+王盈盈+齐青青+李彦彬

摘要:多孔膜袋技术是一种新提出的灌溉技术,可以减少棵间蒸发和深层渗漏,其压力分布情况是研究多孔膜袋水力问题的重要内容,直接影响多孔膜袋的出流均匀度。根据水力学基本原理建立多孔膜袋压力分布的数学模型,并对其相关系数进行分析。由能量守恒定律推求出多孔膜袋任一点处压强的计算公式,通过比较计算值与实测值可以认为计算值符合试验结果;用微元法推导了多孔膜袋沿程水头损失计算公式,通过比较实测值与计算值可以看出其变化趋势完全一致。

关键词:沿程出流;多孔膜袋;压力分布

中图分类号:S275 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)14-2749-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.038

Abstract: The porous membrane bag technology is a new irrigation technology, which can reduce evaporation between tree and deep percolation, the pressure distribution of porous membrane bag is an important part of hydraulic problems, which directly affect the porous film bag outflow uniformity. According to the basic principles of hydraulics, this paper established the mathematical model with porous film bags pressure distribution, and analyzed the correlation coefficient. Deriving the formula of the porous membrane bag pressure at any point with energy conservation law, compared with the calculated and measured values, it could be considered as the calculated values in accordance with the experimentation. Deriving the head loss formula of the porous membrane bag with infinitesimal method, through the comparison between measured and calculated values, it can be seen that the change tend to be more consistent.

Key words: outflow along pipeline; the porous membrane bag; pressure distribution

多孔膜袋技术是一种相对持续少量向作物根系发达区供水的控制灌溉技术,可以减少棵间蒸发和深层渗漏[1,2],其压力分布情况是多孔膜袋水力特性的重要内容,直接影响多孔膜袋的出流均匀度[3,4]。目前微灌管路中最常用的流体沿程压强降表达式是达西-韦斯巴赫(Darcy-Weisbach)公式,是通过试验推得出来的有压管道中流体沿程压强降的基础表达式,被广泛使用。瞿树东[5]定义多孔系数为沿程多孔出流管道摩擦阻力损失与相同规格非多孔管摩擦阻力损失之比,并提倡使用多孔系数法计算多孔管尾部总水头损失,该过程是以孔距相等为基础;Jensen等[6]通过试验修正了多孔系数,并以此计算相同孔距的多孔管的水头损失;Myers等[7]和Wu等[8]在伯努里方程和达西-韦斯巴赫公式的基础上,利用多孔系数法简化计算。……

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