七氟醚吸入复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉在小儿泌尿外科手术中的应用

2017-09-12 08:09:10徐向阳倪红艳胡海峰
中国实用医药 2017年25期
关键词:儿童

徐向阳 倪红艳 胡海峰

【摘要】 目的 通过七氟醚与丙泊酚静吸复合麻醉与单纯丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉在小儿泌尿外科手术中的应用比较, 观察其麻醉效果和临床安全性。方法 60 例小儿泌尿外科手术患儿, 随机分为丙泊酚静脉麻醉复合七氟醚吸入麻醉组(A组, 30例)和丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉组(B组, 30例), 观察两组麻醉和手术操作时患儿心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP), 记录停药后两组患儿的自主呼吸恢复、拔管时间和术后麻醉并发症(术后躁动、喉痉挛、低氧血症)的发生情况。结果 B组患儿在气管插管、切皮以及拔除气管导管时HR、SBP、DBP 变化较A组患儿显著, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患儿自主呼吸恢复时间为(3.1±1.5)min、拔管时间为(5.5±2.3)min, 均短于B组患儿的(8.3±2.7)、(10.4±4.4)min,

差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患儿烦躁0例, B组患儿烦躁5例, 两组患儿比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿均未发生低氧血症、喉痉挛。结论 小儿泌尿外科手术中采用丙泊酚静脉麻醉复合七氟醚吸入麻醉, 术中患儿生命体征更稳定, 麻醉苏醒更快更平稳, 术后无明显并发症, 更适于该类手术。

【关键词】 七氟醚;儿童;泌尿外科手术;丙泊酚

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.25.065

【Abstract】 Objective To observe the anesthesia effect and clinical safety of sevoflurane and propofol intravenous inhalation compound anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia with simple propofol in pediatric urology surgery. Methods A total of 60 pediatrics with urology surgery were randomly divided into propofol intravenous anesthesia combined with sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia group (group A, 30 cases) and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol group (group B, 30 cases). Observation were made on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during anesthesia and operation, and record were made on spontaneous respiratory recovery, extubation time and occurrence of postoperative anesthesia complications (postoperative agitation, laryngeal spasm, hypoxemia) after discontinuation in two groups. Results Group B had significantly higher changes of HR, SBP and DBP in tracheal intubation, skin incision and tracheal extubation than those in group A, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Group A had spontaneous respiratory recovery time as (3.1±1.5) min, extubation time as (5.5±2.3) min, which were all shorter than (8.3±2.7) and (10.4±4.4) min in group B, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Group A had 0 dysphoria case, which was 5 cases in group B, and their difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Both groups had no cases of hypoxemia and laryngeal spasm. Conclusion With combined propofol intravenous anesthesia and sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia in pediatric urology surgery, the vital signs of children are more stable, and the anesthesia recovery is faster and more stable. There are no obvious complications after operation, so it is more suitable for such surgery.

【Key words】 Sevoflurane; Children; Urology surgery; Propofol

小兒泌尿外科手术因为患儿年龄较小, 各器官发育不成熟, 对手术的恐惧不配合等原因, 加大麻醉实施的风险和困难, 因此对麻醉要求比较高。本文通过对全凭静脉麻醉和静吸复合麻醉在该类手术中的应用比较, 期望获得更加安全的麻醉方法。现报告如下。endprint

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 选取2015年3月~2017年3月在本院择期行泌尿外科手术60 例患儿, 男 38 例, 女22 例, 年龄2~8 岁, 平均年龄4.6 岁。所有患儿美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级1~2级,

气道分级1~3级, 其中包皮环切42例, 精索静脉曲张18例;麻醉方式均为气管插管全身麻醉。将患儿随机分为A组和B组, 每组30例。两组患儿一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 具有可比性。见表1。

1. 2 方法 所有患儿术前禁食6~8 h, 禁饮2 h;患儿入室后常规监测心电图(ECG)、脉搏氧饱和度(SPO2)、SBP、DBP, 开放静脉通路, 给予戊乙奎醚0.02 mg/kg。诱……

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